DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Cost Stickiness on Real Earnings Management: A Data Analysis of Export Marketers

  • Oh, Yu-Gyeom (SolBridge International School of Business, Woosong University) ;
  • Kim, Moon-Hong (Department of Raiload Management, Woosong University)
  • 투고 : 2022.08.31
  • 심사 : 2022.09.28
  • 발행 : 2022.09.30

초록

Purpose - Export marketers may have incentives to attempt real earnings management to avoid low reported earnings. Therefore, we attempted to verify the relationship between cost stickiness and real earnings management in the context of export marketing. Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected from exporters that settle-accounts in December excluding financial businesses listed on the stock market from 2015 to 2019. Multiple regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. Findings - The results showed that there is a negative relationship between cost stickiness and real earnings management. In addition, the results showed that export marketers little attempt to offset the cost inefficiency caused by the increase in expense because of cost stickiness with opportunistic management activities through real earnings management. Rather, as the level of real earnings management appears lower, exporters showing cost stickiness are expected to report management performance based on actual marketing. Furthermore, exporters with a high level of managerial centrality or high managerial overconfidence little attempt to offset cost inefficiency caused by cost stickiness with real earnings management activities. Research implications or Originality - Our study is the first to investigate the quality of earnings information of exporters with cost stickiness. Based on the results, we suggested efficient marketing strategies for exporters.

키워드

과제정보

This study was supported by the research grant of Woosong University in 2022.

참고문헌

  1. Ahmed, A. S. and S. Duellman, (2013), "Managerial Overconfidence and Accounting Conservatism", Journal of Accounting Research, 51(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2012.00467.x
  2. An, J. I. and Y. J. Kim (2018), "Is the Switch from CEO to Non-director Officer Related to Chaebol and CEO Power? : Based on Individual Executive Pay Disclosure", Korean Accounting Journal, 27(5), 167-193. https://doi.org/10.24056/KAJ.2018.08.006
  3. An, S. B., S. H. Ji and K. C. Yoon (2019), "A CEO Pay Slice and the Reliability of Accounting Information on Service Industry", International Journal of Industrial Distribution and Business, 10(5), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.13106/ijidb.2019.vol10.no5.77.
  4. An, T. S., S. Y. Lee and H. R. Jung (2004), "Asymmetrical Behavior of Manufacturing Costs", Korea Business Review, 33(3), 789-807.
  5. Anderson, M. C., R. D. Banker and S. N. Janakiraman (2003), "Are Selling, General, and Administrative Costs Sticky?", Journal of Accounting Research, 41, 47-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.00095
  6. Baek, W. S. (2017), "The Settling-up Effect of Quarterly Earnings and Cost Stickiness", Korean Accounting Review, 42(1), 97-139. https://doi.org/10.24056/KAR.2016.11.003
  7. Bebchuk, L. A., K. J. Martijn and U. C. Peyer (2011), "The CEO Pay Slice", Journal of Financial Economics, 102(1), 199-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.05.006
  8. Ben David, I., J. Graham and C. Harvey (2012), "Managerial Miscalibration", Working Paper, Ohio State University and Duke University.
  9. Bouwman, C. H. S. (2014), "Managerial Optimism and Earnings Smoothing", Journal of Banking & Finance, 41, 283-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.12.019
  10. Cha, M. K., S. S. Kim and K. J. Hwang (2016), "Managerial Overconfidence and Corporate Tax Avoidance", Accounting Information Review, 34(4), 441-485.
  11. Choi, H. R., K. H. Park and J. H. Byun (2020), "The Effect of Managerial Overconfidence on Dividend Policy", Korean Journal of Financial Managemant, 37(2), 169-192.
  12. Cooper, R. and R. S. Kaplan (1998), The Design of Cost Management Systems: Text, Cases, and Readings (2nd Ed.)", Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hal.
  13. Deshmukh, S., A. M. Goel and K. M. Howe (2013), "CEO Overconfidence and Dividend Policy", Journal of Financial Intermediation, 22(3), 440-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2013.02.003
  14. Fu, K. and C. H. Lee (2018), "The Effect of Managerial Ability and Quality of Reporting Profit on Labor Investment Efficiency", Tax Accounting Research, 55, 53-76.
  15. Gao, Y. and K. S. Han (2018), "The Influence of Managerial Overconfidence on Earnings Management", Korean Business Education Review, 33(3), 425-442. https://doi.org/10.23839/kabe.2018.33.3.425
  16. Gu, Z., and J. Wu (2003), "Earnings Skewness and Analyst for Forecast Bias", Journal of Accounting and Economics, 35, 5-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(02)00095-2
  17. Hayward, M. L. A. and D. C. Hambrick (1997), "Explaining the Premiums Paid for Large Acquisitions: Evidence of CEO Hubris", Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), 103-127. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393810
  18. Heaton, J. (2002), "Managerial Optimism and Corporate Finance", Financial Management, 31, 33-45. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666221
  19. Hirshleifer, D., A. Low. and S. H. Teoh (2012), "Are Overconfident CEOs Better Innovators?", Journal of Finance, 67(4), 1457-1498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2012.01753.x
  20. Homburg, C. A. and J. Nasev (2008), "How Timely Are Earnings When Costs Are Sticky? Implication for Link between Conditional Conservatism and Cost Stickiness", Working paper, University. of Cologne.
  21. Hong, Y. E., S. J. Kim and J. K. Park (2020), "Does the Cost Stickiness Affect the Stock Price Crash?", Korean Journal of Management Accounting Research, 20(2), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.31507/KJMAR.2020.8.20.2.1
  22. Hribar, P. and H. Yang (2013), "CEO overconfidence and Management Forecasting", Working paper, University of Iowa.
  23. Hwang, G. Y. and E. G. Kim (2018), "CEO Overconfidence and Dividend Policy : Evidence from Korean Large Business Group(Chaebols)", Review of Financial Information Studies, 7(1), 61-90. https://doi.org/10.35214/RFIS.7.1.201802.003
  24. Jang, S. H. and T. Y. Baek (2009), "The Effect of Corporate Business Conditions on the Asymmetric Cost Behavior: Roles of Cost Management and Earnings Management", Korean Accounting Review, 34(4), 71-107.
  25. Jang, S. J., E. G. Kim, Y. K. Lee and H. C. Roh (2017), "A Study on The Impact of CEO Overconfidence on Tax Avoidance", Korean Journal of Taxation Research, 34(2), 41-76.
  26. Ji, S. H. (2020), "The Managerial Overconfidence and Book-Tax Difference Information", Korean International Accounting Review, 90, 189-216.
  27. Ji, S. K., S. W. Shin and W. J. Choi (2009), "Study on the Firm Specific Factor Influencing the Cost Stickiness Behavior", Journal of Business Education, 23(4), 225-250.
  28. Jung, H. R. and T. S. An (2005), "A Study on Cost Structure Change of Korean Manufacturing Firms", Korean Journal of Management Accounting Research, 5(2), 59-80.
  29. Jung, M. J. and S. W. Lee (2009), "Capacity Adjustment Decisions and Asymmetric Cost Behavior", Korean Journal of Management Accounting Research, 9(1), 28-50.
  30. Jung, S. H. (2015), "Cost Stickiness and Discretionary Revenues", Korea Business Review, 44(4), 1183-1208.
  31. Kang, S. H. (2019), "The Effect of CEO's Overconfidence on Capitalized R&D Expenditures", Master's Thesis, Graduate School of Yonsei University.
  32. Kim, B. M. (2016), "Managerial Opportunism, Overconfidence and Stock Price Crash Risk", Asian Review of Financial Research, 29(2), 193-233.
  33. Kim, J. Y. and S. H. Ji (2018), "The CEO Pay Slice(CPS) and Transparency of Business Administration: Utilizing Book-Tax Difference Information", Tax Accounting Research, 58, 229-248.
  34. Kim, H. J. and W. Park (2019), "The Relationship between CEO's Overconfidence or Overinvestment Activities and Firm Value-The Role of Large Shareholder's Ratio-", Korean International Accounting Review, 62, 117-140. https://doi.org/10.24056/KAJ.2019.08.007
  35. Kim, H. K. (2018), "The Relationship of Aggressive Tax Avoid and Managerial Ability", Tax Accounting Research, 58, 163-181.
  36. Kim, N. Y. and K. J. Hwang (2020), "Factors Affecting the Relationship between Managerial Overconfidence and Earnings Management : Focusing on Market Competition", Korean Journal of Management Accounting Research, 20(1), 1-29.
  37. Kim, S. H. (2018), "The Effect of Managerial Overconfidence on the Analysts' Earnings Forecasts", Korean Journal of Management Accounting Research, 18(3), 27-50. https://doi.org/10.31507/KJMAR.2018.12.18.3.27
  38. Kim, S. H. (2019), "The Effect of Managerial Overconfidence on the Accrual Persistence and Market Responses", Journal of Taxation and Accounting, 20(5), 29-48. https://doi.org/10.35850/KJTA.20.5.02
  39. Kim, S. G., J. S. Lee and J. G. Seo (2017), "A Study on Determinants of Manager Compensation", Tax Accounting Research, 53, 23-44.
  40. Kim, S. M., H. J. Shin and S. I. Kim (2018), "The Impact of Managerial Overconfidence on Audit Fees", Journal of Accounting, Tax, and Audit Review, 60(1), 67-95.
  41. Kim, S. M., S. O. Park and H. S. Chung (2019), "Overconfident CEOs and Corporate Tax Avoidance", Journal of Taxation and Accounting, 20(6), 35-61.
  42. Kim, S. R. N. and H. Y. Ryu (2014), "Managerial Overconfidence and Cost Stickines", Korean Accounting Journal, 23(6), 309-345.
  43. Kim, T. S., J. S. Lee., D. Y. Kim and H. K. Shin (2015), "A Study on the Relation between Cost Stickiness and Bond Credit Ratings", Korean International Accounting Review, 63, 203-226.
  44. Kim, Y. J. and J. I. An (2018), "A Study of Managerial Centrality and Credit Ratings" Korean Accounting Journal, 27(6), 95-120. https://doi.org/10.24056/KAJ.2018.10.004
  45. Kwak, Y. M. and H. J. Kim (2017), "Managerial Centrality and Firm Value", Korean Accounting Review, 42(1), 187-226. https://doi.org/10.24056/KAR.2016.12.005
  46. Kim, Y. S. (2018), "The Effect of Corporate Governance on Managerial Centrality", Korean International Accounting Review, 77, 77-109.
  47. Lee, D. H. and S. H. Byun (2020), "The Effects of Management Overconfidence on Analyst Forecasts: Brokerage Size and Analyst Competition", Korean Journal of Management Accounting Research, 20(1), 67-93. https://doi.org/10.31507/KJMAR.2020.4.20.1.67
  48. Lee, H. M. and C. M. Hong (2018), "Management Overconfidence and Stock Price Informativeness", Korea Business Review, 47(5), 1201-1230.
  49. Lee, J. S. and S. H. Oh (2020), "Cost Asymmetry and Control Structure according to Manager's Overconfidence Tendency", Tax Accounting Research, 65, 235-255.
  50. Lee, K. B. (2018), "The Effect of Multiple Directorships of Outside Directors on Earnings Management", Tax Accounting Research, 57, 37-54.
  51. Lee, K. B. and Y. R. Ryu (2019), "The Level of Corporate Social Responsibility and Book-Tax Difference", Tax Accounting Research, 62, 243-265.
  52. Lee, K. Y. and S. M. Yoon (2011), "Effects of CEO's Financial Expertise on Relationship between Fraud and BTD or Discretionary Accrual", Tax Accounting Research, 30, 41-68.
  53. Lee, M. Y., Y. E. Hong and J. K. Park (2015), "The Signaling Effect of Cost Stickiness and Labor Union", Tax Accounting Research, 46, 1-18.
  54. Lee, S. C. and S. Y. Kim (2015), "The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Cost Behavior", Tax Accounting Research, 44, 209-226.
  55. Malmendier, U. and G. Tate (2005). "CEO Overconfidence and Corporate Investment", Journal of Finance, 60(2), 661-700.
  56. Malmendier, U. and G. Tate (2008), "Who Makes Acquisitions? CEO Overconfidence and the Market's Reaction", Journal of Financial Economics, 89, 20-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.07.002
  57. Moon, B. Y. and H. M. Chun (2018), "Managerial Centrality and Implied Cost of Equity Capital: Evidence from Korea", Accounting Information Review, 36(2), 109-133. https://doi.org/10.29189/KAIAAIR.36.2.5
  58. Moon, H. E. and C. K. Hong (2010), "A Comprehensive Analysis of Asymmetric Cost Behaviour and its inter-industry differences", Korean Journal of Management Accounting Research, 10(1), 1-38.
  59. Moon, H. W., C. Y. Goh and H. Jung (2020), "R&D Cost Stickiness : Focused on Digital Firms ", Accounting Information Review, 38(1), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.29189/KAIAAIR.38.1.02
  60. Noh, G. K. (2019), "The Impacts of Earnings Management Types on Asymmetric Cost Behavior: A Comparative Study of Korean and Japanese Firms", Tax Accounting Research, 60, 67-89.
  61. Park, A. Y. (2014), "Management's Misappropriation and the Cost Stickiness in KOSDAQ", Korean Journal of Management Accounting Research, 14(1), 1-32.
  62. Park, A. Y. and J. Y. Kwak (2014), "The Level and Change Effect of Corporate Governance on Cost Stickiness", Korean International Accounting Review, 58, 81-102. https://doi.org/10.21073/kiar.2014..58.005
  63. Park, J. C. (2019), "The Comparison of Factors Affecting Going-Concern Audit Opinion between Big4 and Non Big4 Auditors", Tax Accounting Research, 61, 1-17.
  64. Park, J. H. (2019), "The Relationship Between Representative Director with Multiple Directorships and Firm Value", Tax Accounting Research, 60, 47-66. https://doi.org/10.35349/tar.2019..60.003
  65. Park, J. H. and Y. R. Ryu (2018), "The Impact of Investment Tendency of Foreign Investor on the Audit Quality", Tax Accounting Research, 57, 165-184.
  66. Park, J. I. and S. I. Kim (2020), "The Effect of Managerial Overconfidence on the Relation between Financial Constraints and Tax Avoidance", Journal of Taxation and Accounting, 21(2), 157-204. https://doi.org/10.35850/KJTA.21.2.06
  67. Park, Y. H., J. H. Koo and S. I. Pae (2012), "The Information Effect of Cost Stickiness in Korea Market", Korean Accounting Review, 37(4), 227-252.
  68. Ryu, H. Y. and S. R. Kim (2015), "Managerial Overconfidence and Accounting Conservatism", Korean Accounting Review, 40(6), 41-80.
  69. Schrand, C. M. and S. L. Zechman (2012), "Executive Overconfidence and the Slippery Slope to Financial Misreporting", Journal of Accounting and Economics, 53(1), 311-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2011.09.001
  70. Shin, B. S and Y. S. Woo (2020), "The Moderating Effect of Auditor Size, Audit Fees, and Audit Hours in the Relationship between CEO's Overconfidence and Auditor-Client Disagreement", Accounting Information Review, 38(2), 71-99. https://doi.org/10.29189/KAIAAIR.38.2.04
  71. Son, J. S., Y. K. Lee and J. H. Park (2019), "The Effect of the A Bank's Performance Evaluation and Reward on Branch Office Cost Stickiness", Korean Journal of Management Accounting Research, 19(2), 95-123. https://doi.org/10.31507/KJMAR.2019.8.19.2.95
  72. Yang, D. C. (2015), "Growth Expectations of Managements and Analysts, and Sticky Cost Behavior", Accounting Information Review, 33(4), 193-223.
  73. Yang, H. M. and G. K. Noh (2019), "The CEO Pay Slice and Effective Corporate Tax Rate", Tax Accounting Research, 60, 141-161.
  74. Yim, S. K., J. H. Park and I. Y. Hwang (2014), "The Effect of Financial Slack on SG&A Cost Behavior", Korean Accounting Review, 39(3), 291-331.
  75. Yun, W. Y., S. H. Ji and Y. R. Ryu (2019), "The CEO Power and Earnings Management - Accounting and Real Earnings Management -", Journal of Business Review, 34(2), 157-184.
  76. Weiss, D. (2010), "Cost Behavior and Analysts' Earnings Forecasts", Accounting Review, 85, 1441-1471. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.4.1441