The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics

The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics (대한치과보철학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Grain size, crystalline phase and fracture toughness of the monolithic zirconia

  • Bocam, Kodchakorn (Residency Training Program, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University) ;
  • Anunmana, Chuchai (Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University) ;
  • Eiampongpaiboon, Trinuch (Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University)
  • Received : 2022.04.29
  • Accepted : 2022.09.22
  • Published : 2022.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

PURPOSE. This study evaluated the relationship among translucency, crystalline phase, grain size, and fracture toughness of zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four commercial zirconia - Prettau®Anterior® (PA), Prettau® (P), InCorisZI (ZI), and InCorisTZI (TZI)- were selected for this study. The bar specimens were prepared to determine fracture toughness by using chevron notched beam method with four-point bending test. The grain size was evaluated by a mean linear intercept method using a scanning electron microscope. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement were performed to evaluate the amount of tetragonal and cubic phases of zirconia. Contrast ratio (CR) was measured to investigate the level of translucency. RESULTS. PA had the lowest fracture toughness among other groups (P < .05). In addition, the mean fracture toughness of P was significantly less than that of ZI, but there was no difference compared with TZI. Regarding grain size measurement, PA had the largest average grain size among the groups. P obtained larger grain size than ZI and TZI (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference between ZI and TZI. Moreover, PA had the lowest CR value compared with the other groups (P < .05). This means PA was the most translucent material in this study. Rietveld refinement found that PA presented the greatest percentage of cubic phase, followed by TZI, ZI, and P, respectively. CONCLUSION. The different approaches are used by manufacturers to fabricate various types of translucent zirconia with different levels of translucency and mechanical properties, which should be concerned for material selection for successful clinical outcome.

Keywords

References

  1. Chu SJ, Devigus A, Paravina R, Mieleszko A. Fundamentals of color: shade matching and communication in esthetic dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing; 1st ed., 2004. p. 19-40.
  2. Joiner A. Tooth colour: a review of the literature. J Dent 2004;32:3-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2003.10.013
  3. Walton JN, Gardner FM, Agar JR. A survey of crown and fixed partial denture failures: length of service and reasons for replacement. J Prosthet Dent 1986;56:416-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(86)90379-3
  4. Zarone F, Russo S, Sorrentino R. From porcelain-fused-to-metal to zirconia: clinical and experimental considerations. Dent Mater 2011;27:83-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.10.024
  5. Ho GW, Matinlinna JP. Insights on ceramics as dental materials. Part I: ceramic material types in dentistry. Silicon 2011;3:109-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-011-9078-7
  6. Della Bona A, Kelly JR. The clinical success of all-ceramic restorations. J Am Dent Assoc 2008;139:8S-13S.
  7. Marquardt P, Strub JR. Survival rates of IPS empress 2 all-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures: results of a 5-year prospective clinical study. Quintessence Int 2006;37:253-9.
  8. Sorensen JA, Cruz M, Mito WT, Raffeiner O, Meredith HR, Foser HP. A clinical investigation on three-unit fixed partial dentures fabricated with a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. Pract Periodont Aesthet Dent 1999;11:95-106; quiz 108.
  9. Guazzato M, Albakry M, Quach L, Swain MV. Influence of surface and heat treatments on the flexural strength of a glass-infiltrated alumina/zirconia-reinforced dental ceramic. Dent Mater 2005;21:454-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2004.07.010
  10. Church TD, Jessup JP, Guillory VL, Vandewalle KS. Translucency and strength of high-translucency monolithic zirconium oxide materials. Gen Dent 2017;65:48-52.
  11. Dangra Z, Gandhewar M. The use of newer high translucency zirconia in aesthetic zone. Case Rep Dent 2014;2014:432714.
  12. Tuncel I, Turp I, Usumez A. Evaluation of translucency of monolithic zirconia and framework zirconia materials. J Adv Prosthodont 2016;8:181-6. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2016.8.3.181
  13. Madfa A, Al-Sanabani F, Al-Qudami N, Al-Sanabani J, Amran A. Use of zirconia in dentistry: an overview. Open Biomed Eng J 2014;5:1-9.
  14. Ikesue A, Aung YL, Taira T, Kamimura T, Yoshida K, Messing GL. Progress in ceramic lasers. Annual Review of Materials Research 2006;36:397-429. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.36.011205.152926
  15. Zhang Y. Making yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia translucent. Dent Mater 2014;30:1195-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.375
  16. Sen N, Sermet IB, Cinar S. Effect of coloring and sintering on the translucency and biaxial strength of monolithic zirconia. J Prosthet Dent 2018;119:308.e1-7.
  17. Stawarczyk B, Frevert K, Ender A, Roos M, Sener B, Wimmer T. Comparison of four monolithic zirconia materials with conventional ones: Contrast ratio, grain size, four-point flexural strength and two-body wear. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016;59:128-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.11.040
  18. Stawarczyk B, Ozcan M, Hallmann L, Ender A, Mehl A, Hammerlet CH. The effect of zirconia sintering temperature on flexural strength, grain size, and contrast ratio. Clin Oral Investig 2013;17:269-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0692-6
  19. Shahmiri R, Standard OC, Hart JN, Sorrell CC. Optical properties of zirconia ceramics for esthetic dental restorations: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2018;119:36-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.07.009
  20. Jitwirachot K, Rungsiyakull P, Holloway JA, Jia-Mahasap W. Wear behavior of different generations of zirconia: present literature. Int J Dent 2022;2022:9341616.
  21. Zhang W, Bao J, Jia G, Guo W, Song X, An S. The effect of microstructure control on mechanical properties of 12Ce-TZP via two-step sintering method. J Alloy Compd 2017;711:686-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.059
  22. Moshtaghioun BM, Gomez-Garcia D, Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Todd RI. Grain size dependence of hardness and fracture toughness in pure near fully-dense boron carbide ceramics. J European Ceram Soc 2016;36:1829-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.01.017
  23. Anusavice KJ Phillips RW Shen C Rawls HR. Phillps' Science of Dental Materials. 12th ed. St. Louis Mo: Elsevier/Saunders; 2013. p. 48-68.
  24. Gauna M, Conconi S, Gomez S, Suarez G, Aglietti EF. Monoclinic-tetragonal zirconia quantification of commercial nanopowder mixtures by XRD and DTA. Ceramics Silikaty 2015;59:318-25.
  25. Dahl GT, Doring S, Krekeler T, Janssen R, Ritter M, Weller H, Vossmeyer T. Alumina-doped zirconia submicro-particles: synthesis, thermal stability, and microstructural characterization. Materials (Basel) 2019;12:2856. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12182856
  26. EN 623-3: 2002 Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - General and textural properties - Part 3: Determination of grain size and size distribution (characterized by the Linear Intercept Method)
  27. ISO 24370. Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for fracture toughness of monolithic ceramics at room temperature by chevron-notched beam (CNB) method. International Standard Organization (ISO); Geneva; Switzerland, 2005.
  28. Filser F, Kocher P, Gauckler LJ. Net-shaping of ceramic components by direct ceramic machining. Assembl Autom 2003;23:382-90. https://doi.org/10.1108/01445150310501217
  29. Manziuc M, Gasparik C, Negucioiu M, Constantiniuc M, Burde A, Vlas I, Dudea D. Optical properties of translucent zirconia: A review of the literature. EuroBiotech J 2019;3:45-51. https://doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2019-0005
  30. Srivastava KK, Patil RN, Choudhary CB, Gokhale KVGK, Subbarao EC. Revised phase diagram of the system ZrO2-YOsub(1.5). Trans J British Ceram Soc 1974;73:85-91.
  31. Srinivasan R, De Angelis RJ, Ice G, Davis BH. Identification of tetragonal and cubic structures of zirconia using synchrotron x-radiation source. J Mater Res 1991;6:1287-92. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1991.1287
  32. Harada K, Raigrodski AJ, Chung KH, Flinn BD, Dogan S, Mancl LA. A comparative evaluation of the translucency of zirconias and lithium disilicate for monolithic restorations. J Prosthet Dent 2016;116:257-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.11.019
  33. Zhang F, Inokoshi M, Batuk M, Hadermann J, Naert I, Van Meerbeek B, Vleugels J. Strength, toughness and aging stability of highly-translucent Y-TZP ceramics for dental restorations. Dent Mater 2016;32:e327-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.025
  34. Tekeli S, Erdogan M. A quantitative assessment of cavities in 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia specimens containing various grain size. Ceram Int 2002;28:785-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-8842(02)00044-5
  35. Theunissen GSAM, Bouma JS, Winnubst AJA, Burggraaf AJ. Mechanical properties of ultra-fine grained zirconia ceramics. J Mater Sci 1992;27:4429-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00541576
  36. Tong H, Tanaka CB, Kaizer MR, Zhang Y. Characterization of three commercial Y-TZP ceramics produced for their high-translucency, high-strength and high-surface area. Ceram Int 2016;42:1077-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.09.033
  37. Chevalier J, Deville S, Munch E, Jullian R, Lair F. Critical effect of cubic phase on aging in 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics for hip replacement prosthesis. Biomaterials 2004;25:5539-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.01.002
  38. Denry I, Kelly JR. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dent Mater 2008;24:299-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2007.05.007
  39. Trunec M. Effect of grain size on mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP ceramics. Ceramics Silikaty 2008;52:165-71.
  40. Heuer AH, Claussen N, Kriven WM, Ruhle M. Stability of tetragonal ZrO2 particles in ceramic matrices. J American Ceram Soc 1982;65:642-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1982.tb09946.x