한국환경생태학회지 (Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology)

  • 제36권4호
  • /
  • Pages.433-441
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 1229-3857(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-131X(eISSN)
한국환경생태학회 (Korean Society of Environment and Ecology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

다도해해상국립공원 내 섬 지역의 빛공해 유발 요인 분석

Analysis of Factors That Cause Light Pollution in Islands in Dadohaehaesang National Park

  • 성찬용 (한밭대학교 도시공학과)
  • 투고 : 2022.05.13
  • 심사 : 2022.07.19
  • 발행 : 2022.08.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

빛공해는 연안 및 섬 지역의 생태계를 교란하는 요인 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 야간 위성영상을 이용하여 다도해해상국립공원 내 섬 지역의 빛공해를 일으키는 요인을 분석하였다. 분석은 다도해해상국립공원 내 섬 중 면적이 10만m2 이상인 101개 섬을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 대상 섬의 빛공해 수준은 2019년 1월과 4월, 8월, 10월 DNB monthly 영상에 기록된 야간 빛방사량으로 측정하였다. 연구 대상 섬의 야간 빛방사량을 다도해해상국립공원의 7개 지구별로 비교하면, 금오도지구가 17,666nW/m2/sr로 가장 높았고, 거문도·백도지구, 나로도지구, 소안도·청산도지구가 뒤를 이었다. 계절별로는 10월의 야간 빛방사량이 9,509nW/m2/sr로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 8월, 1월, 4월 순이었다. 연구 대상 섬의 빛공해 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인을 회귀분석을 통해 분석한 결과, 섬에서 반경 5km 내 지역의 건축물 연면적과 등대 개소수는 모든 시기에서 야간 빛방사량에 통계적으로 유의미하게 영향을 미쳤지만, 섬 내부의 건축물 연면적과 등대 개소수는 대부분 시기에 영향을 미치지 않아, 개발이 제한된 국립공원 내 섬 지역에서는 공원 내부보다 인근 지역의 인공조명의 영향이 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 단, 8월에는 예외적으로 섬 내부의 건축물 연면적이 섬의 야간 빛방사량에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤는데, 이는 휴가철 탐방객이 사용하는 인공조명의 영향으로 보인다. 섬의 크기는 섬의 빛공해 수준에 음(-)의 영향을 미쳤는데, 이는 빛공해가 일종의 생태적 경계효과임을 보여주는 결과이다. 즉, 작은 섬일수록, 섬 전체 면적 중 인접 지역에서 방사된 빛의 영향을 받는 경계 지역의 면적이 상대적으로 넓기 때문이다. 본 연구의 결과는 해상형 국립공원 내 섬 지역의 빛공해 저감을 위해서는, 섬 인근 지역의 인공조명 관리가 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.

Light pollution is one of the factors that disturb coastal and island ecosystems. This study examined the factors causing light pollution in the islands in Daedohaehaesang National Park using nighttime satellite images. This study selected 101 islands with an area of 100,000 m2 or more in Daedohaehaesang National Park, and measured the levels of light pollution of the selected islands by calculating mean nighttime radiance recorded in VIIRS DNB monthly images for January, April, August, and October 2019. Of seven districts of the park, The highest mean nighttime radiance was recorded in Geumodo district (17,666nW/m2/sr), followed by Geonumdo·Baekdo, Narodo, Soando·Cheongsando districts. By season, mean nighttime radiance in October was the highest at 9,509nW/m2/sr, followed by August, January, and April. Regression analyses show that the total floor area and the number of lighthouses in a 5 km buffer area had a statistically significant effect on mean nighttime radiance at all times, but those within the island did not, indicating that light pollution in islands in a national park where land development is strictly restricted is influenced by artificial lights in nearby areas. However, the total floor area of an island significantly affected mean nighttime radiance only in August, which appears to be attributed to the impact of intensive use of artificial light by visitors during summer vacation. The size of an island had a negative (-) effect on nighttime radiance. This negative effect suggests that light pollution is a type of ecological edge effect, i.e., the smaller island is more likely to have a relatively larger proportion of edge area that is affected by light emitted from the neighboring areas. The results of this study indicate that managing artificial lights in nearby areas is necessary to mitigate light pollution in islands in marine and coastal national parks.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Azam, C., I. Le Viol, Y. Bas, G. Zissis, A. Vernet, J. Julien and C. Kerbiriou(2018) Evidence for distance and illuminance thresholds in the effects of artificial lighting on bat activity. Landscape and Urban Planning 175: 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.02.011
  2. Cho, W., K.S. Ki and C.Y. Sung(2014) Characterizing light pollution in national parks during peak and off-peak tourist seasons using nighttime satellite images. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 28: 484-489. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2014.28.4.484
  3. Cinzano, P. and F. Falchi(2012) The propagation of light pollution in the atmosphere. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 427: 3337-3357. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21884.x
  4. Davies, T.W., J.P. Duffy, J. Bennie and K.J. Gaston(2016) Stemming the tide of light pollution encroaching into marine protected areas. Conservation Letters 9: 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12191
  5. Dominoni, D., M. Quetting and J. Partecke(2013) Artificial light at night advances avian reproductive physiology. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280: 20123017. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.3017
  6. Elvidge, C.D., K.E. Baugh, M. Zhizhin, F.C. Hsu and T. Ghosh(2017) VIIRS night-time lights. International Journal of Remote Sensing 38: 5860-5879. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1342050
  7. Elvidge, C.D., M. Zhizhin, K. Baugh and P.C. Hsu(2015) Automatic boat identification system for VIIRS low light imaging data. Remote Sensing 7: 3020-3036. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70303020
  8. Graham, N.R., D.S. Gruner, J.Y. Lim and R.G. Gillespie(2017) Island ecology and evolution: Challenges in the Anthropocene. Environmental Conservation 44: 323-335. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892917000315
  9. Haddock, J.K., C.G. Threlfall, B. Law and D.F. Hochuli(2019) Light pollution at the urban forest edge negatively impacts insectivorous bats. Biological Conservation 236: 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.05.016
  10. Jones, J. and C.M. Francis(2003) The effects of light characteristics on avian mortality at lighthouses. Journal of Avian Biology 34: 328-333. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0908-8857.2003.03183.x
  11. Kim, H.H., D.B. Kim, H.K. Won, C.S. Kim and W.S. Kong(2016) Island-biogeographical characteristics of insular flora in southern sea of Jeollanamdo, Korea. Journal of Climate Change Research 7: 143-155. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.15531/ksccr.2016.7.2.143
  12. KNPRI(2019). 2019 Halleohaesan National Park (East) Resource Survey: A Comprehensive Report. Korea National Park Research Institute NPRI 2020-21, Wonju, Korea, 1044pp. (in Korean)
  13. KNPS Deogyusan Office(2018) Analysis of Characteristics of Light Pollution using Nighttime Satellite Images. Korea National Park Service Deogyusan Office, Muju, Korea, 55pp. (in Korean)
  14. KNPS(2021). 2021 National Park Basic Statistics. Korean National Park Service, Wonju, Korea, 219pp. (in Korean)
  15. Kyba, C.C.M. and F. Holker(2013) Do artificially illuminated skies affect biodiversity in nocturnal landscapes? Landscape Ecology 28: 1637-1640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-013-9936-3
  16. Lai, K.Y., C. Sarkar, M.Y. Ni, L.W.T. Cheung, J. Gallacher and C. Webster(2021) Exposure to light at night (LAN) and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Science of the Total Environment 762: 143159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143159
  17. Levin, N.(2017). The impact of seasonal changes on observed nighttime brightness from 2014 to 2015 monthly VIIRS DNB composites. Remote Sensing of Environment 193: 150-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.03.003
  18. Levin, N., C.C.M. Kyba, Q. Zhang, A. Sanchez de Miguel, M.O. Roman, X. Li, B.A. Portnov, A.L. Molthan, A. Jechow, S.D. Miller, Z. Wang, R.M. Shrestha and C.D. Elvidge(2020) Remote sensing of night lights: A review and an outlook for the future. Remote Sensing of Environment 237: 111443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111443
  19. Min, J.Y. and K.B. Min(2018) Outdoor artificial nighttime light and use of hypnotic medications in older adults: A populationbased cohort study. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 14: 1903-1910. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.7490
  20. MOE(2019.11.11) Yeongsan river basin environmental office enforces illegal pasturing. Press Releases of Ministry of Environment. (in Korean)
  21. NGII(2020) Coastline. Available at http://data.nsdi.go.kr/dataset/20180927ds0050. (in Korean)
  22. NGII(2022) Lighthouse. Available at http://data.nsdi.go.kr/dataset/20180927ds0035. (in Korean)
  23. Nogales, M., A. Martin, B.R. Tershy, C.J. Donlan, D. Veitch, N. Puerta, B. Wood and J. Alonso(2004) A review of feral cat eradication on islands. Conservation Biology 18: 310-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00442.x
  24. NSDIP(2022) Building usage information. Available at http://openapi.nsdi.go.kr/nsdi/eios/ServiceDetail.do?svcSe=F&svcId=F026. (in Korean)
  25. Obayashi, K., K. Saeki, J. Iwamoto, Y. Ikadab and N. Kurumatania(2013) Exposure to light at night and risk of depression in the elderly. Journal of Affective Disorders 151: 331-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.018
  26. Obayashi, K., Y. Yamagami, S. Tatsumi, N. Kurumatani and K. Saeki(2019) Indoor light pollution and progression of carotid atherosclerosis: A longitudinal study of the HEIJO-KYO cohort. Environmental International 133: 105184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105184
  27. Peregrym, M., E.P. Konya and M. Savchenko(2020) How are the Mediterranean islands polluted by artificial light at night? Ocean & Coastal Management 198: 105365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105365
  28. Russell, J.C. and C. Kueffer(2019) Island biodiversity in the anthropocene. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 44: 31-60. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033245
  29. Sanchez de Miguel, A., C.C.M. Kyba, J. Zamorano, J. Gallego and K.J. Gaston(2020) The nature of the diffuse light near cities detected in nighttime satellite imagery. Scientific Reports 10: 7828. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64315-7
  30. Sanders, D., E. Frago, R. Kehoe, C. Patterson and K.J. Gaston(2021) A meta-analysis of biological impacts of artificial light at night. Nature Ecology & Evolution 5: 74-81.
  31. Sung, C.Y. and Y.J. Kim(2020) Analysis of the status of light pollution and its potential effect on ecosystem of the Deogyusan National Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 34: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2020.34.1.63
  32. Sung, C.Y.(2022) Light pollution as an ecological edge effect: Landscape ecological analysis of light pollution in protected areas in Korea. Journal for Nature Conservation 66: 126148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126148
  33. Yorzinski, J., S. Chisholm, S.D. Byerley, J.R. Coy, A. Aziz, J.A. Wolf and A.C. Gnerlich(2015) Artificial light pollution increases nocturnal vigilance in peahens. PeerJ 3: e1174. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1174