The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

  • 제26권6호
  • /
  • Pages.405-413
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 1226-4512(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2093-3827(eISSN)
대한약리학회 (The Korean Society of Pharmacology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The physiological and pharmacological roles of prostaglandins in hair growth

  • Shin, Dong Wook (College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University)
  • 투고 : 2022.09.19
  • 심사 : 2022.10.12
  • 발행 : 2022.11.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Hair loss is a common status found among people of all ages. Since the role of hair is much more related to culture and individual identity, hair loss can have a great influence on well-being and quality of life. It is a disorder that is observed in only scalp patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or alopecia areata caused by stress or immune response abnormalities. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutic medicines such as finasteride, and minoxidil improve hair loss temporarily, but when they stop, they have a limitation in that hair loss occurs again. As an alternative strategy for improving hair growth, many studies reported that there is a relationship between the expression levels of prostaglandins (PGs) and hair growth. Four major PGs such as prostaglandin D2 (PGD22), prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) are spatiotemporally expressed in hair follicles and are implicated in hair loss. This review investigated the physiological roles and pharmacological interventions of the PGs in the pathogenesis of hair loss and provided these novel insights for clinical therapeutics for patients suffering from alopecia.

키워드

과제정보

This research was supported by "Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS)" through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE) (2021RIS-001).

참고문헌

  1. Botchkarev VA, Kishimoto J. Molecular control of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during hair follicle cycling. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2003;8:46-55. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12171.x
  2. Stenn KS, Paus R. Controls of hair follicle cycling. Physiol Rev. 2001;81:449-494. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2001.81.1.449
  3. Kaufman KD. Androgens and alopecia. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002;198:89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00372-6
  4. Sawaya ME, Keane RW, Blume-Peytavi U, Mullins DL, Nusbaum BP, Whiting D, Nicholson DW. Androgen responsive genes as they affect hair growth. Eur J Dermatol. 2001;11:304-308.
  5. Bak DH, Choi MJ, Kim SR, Lee BC, Kim JM, Jeon ES, Oh W, Lim ES, Park BC, Kim MJ, Na J, Kim BJ. Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells engineered to overexpress growth factors accelerate outcomes in hair growth. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018;22:555-566. https://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.5.555
  6. Inui S, Itami S. Androgen actions on the human hair follicle: perspectives. Exp Dermatol. 2013;22:168-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.12024
  7. Lee SW, Juhasz M, Mobasher P, Ekelem C, Mesinkovska NA. A systematic review of topical finasteride in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men and women. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17:457-463.
  8. Jimenez F, Alam M, Vogel JE, Avram M. Hair transplantation: basic overview. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;85:803-814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2021.03.124
  9. Adil A, Godwin M. The effectiveness of treatments for androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;77:136-141.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.02.054
  10. Sasaki S, Hozumi Y, Kondo S. Influence of prostaglandin F2α and its analogues on hair regrowth and follicular melanogenesis in a murine model. Exp Dermatol. 2005;14:323-328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.00270.x
  11. Nieves A, Garza LA. Does prostaglandin D2 hold the cure to male pattern baldness? Exp Dermatol. 2014;23:224-227. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.12348
  12. Smyth EM, Grosser T, Wang M, Yu Y, FitzGerald GA. Prostanoids in health and disease. J Lipid Res. 2009;50(Suppl):S423-S428. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R800094-JLR200
  13. Colombe L, Vindrios A, Michelet JF, Bernard BA. Prostaglandin metabolism in human hair follicle. Exp Dermatol. 2007;16:762-769. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00586.x
  14. Guevara-Balcazar G, Ramirez-Sanchez I, Mera-Jimenez E, RubioGayosso I, Aguilar-Najera ME, Castillo-Hernandez MC. Participation of COX-1 and COX-2 in the contractile effect of phenylephrine in prepubescent and old rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017;21:407-413. https://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.4.407
  15. Colombe L, Michelet JF, Bernard BA. Prostanoid receptors in anagen human hair follicles. Exp Dermatol. 2008;17:63-72.
  16. Garza LA, Liu Y, Yang Z, Alagesan B, Lawson JA, Norberg SM, Loy DE, Zhao T, Blatt HB, Stanton DC, Carrasco L, Ahluwalia G, Fischer SM, FitzGerald GA, Cotsarelis G. Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4:126ra34.
  17. Xu XG, Chen HD. Prostanoids and hair follicles: implications for therapy of hair disorders. Acta Derm Venereol. 2018;98:318-323. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-2843
  18. Neufang G, Furstenberger G, Heidt M, Marks F, Muller-Decker K. Abnormal differentiation of epidermis in transgenic mice constitutively expressing cyclooxygenase-2 in skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:7629-7634. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.121574098
  19. Bol DK, Rowley RB, Ho CP, Pilz B, Dell J, Swerdel M, Kiguchi K, Muga S, Klein R, Fischer SM. Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression in the skin of transgenic mice results in suppression of tumor development. Cancer Res. 2002;62:2516-2521.
  20. Muller-Decker K, Leder C, Neumann M, Neufang G, Bayerl C, Schweizer J, Marks F, Furstenberger G. Expression of cyclooxygenase isozymes during morphogenesis and cycling of pelage hair follicles in mouse skin: precocious onset of the first catagen phase and alopecia upon cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;121:661-668. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12473.x
  21. Kobayashi T, Narumiya S. Function of prostanoid receptors: studies on knockout mice. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2002;68- 69:557-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-6980(02)00055-2
  22. Kabashima K, Miyachi Y. Prostanoids in the cutaneous immune response. J Dermatol Sci. 2004;34:177-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2003.11.008
  23. Nesher R, Mimouni M, Elnaddaf H, Nemet A, Kidron D. Characterization of prostaglandin F2α receptors in human eyelids. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2015;25:81-84. https://doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000519
  24. Woodward DF, Jones RL, Narumiya S. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXIII: classification of prostanoid receptors, updating 15 years of progress. Pharmacol Rev. 2011;63:471-538. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.110.003517
  25. Gallant MA, Samadfam R, Hackett JA, Antoniou J, Parent JL, de Brum-Fernandes AJ. Production of prostaglandin D2 by human osteoblasts and modulation of osteoprotegerin, RANKL, and cellular migration by DP and CRTH2 receptors. J Bone Miner Res. 2005;20:672-681.
  26. Hirai H, Tanaka K, Yoshie O, Ogawa K, Kenmotsu K, Takamori Y, Ichimasa M, Sugamura K, Nakamura M, Takano S, Nagata K. Prostaglandin D2 selectively induces chemotaxis in T helper type 2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils via seven-transmembrane receptor CRTH2. J Exp Med. 2001;193:255-261. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.193.2.255
  27. Bhargava S. Increased DHT levels in androgenic alopecia have been selected for to protect men from prostate cancer. Med Hypotheses 2014;82:428-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2014.01.016
  28. Lee JL, Mukhtar H, Bickers DR, Kopelovich L, Athar M. Cyclooxygenases in the skin: pharmacological and toxicological implications. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003;192:294-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00301-6
  29. Nelson AM, Loy DE, Lawson JA, Katseff AS, Fitzgerald GA, Garza LA. Prostaglandin D2 inhibits wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis through the receptor, Gpr44. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133:881-889. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2012.398
  30. Joo HW, Kang YR, Kwack MH, Sung YK. 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2, the nonenzymatic metabolite of prostaglandin D2, induces apoptosis in keratinocytes of human hair follicles: a possible explanation for prostaglandin D2-mediated inhibition of hair growth. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2016;389:809-813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-016-1257-z
  31. Mantel A, McDonald JT, Goldsborough K, Harvey VM, Chan J. Prostaglandin D2 uses components of ROS signaling to enhance testosterone production in keratinocytes. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2017;18:S81-S84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisp.2017.01.003
  32. Garza LA, Yang CC, Zhao T, Blatt HB, Lee M, He H, Stanton DC, Carrasco L, Spiegel JH, Tobias JW, Cotsarelis G. Bald scalp in men with androgenetic alopecia retains hair follicle stem cells but lacks CD200-rich and CD34-positive hair follicle progenitor cells. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:613-622. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI44478
  33. Purba TS, Peake M, Farjo B, Farjo N, Bhogal RK, Jenkins G, Paus R. Divergent proliferation patterns of distinct human hair follicle epithelial progenitor niches in situ and their differential responsiveness to prostaglandin D2. Sci Rep. 2017;7:15197. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15038-9
  34. Jeong KH, Jung JH, Kim JE, Kang H. Prostaglandin D2-mediated DP2 and AKT signal regulate the activation of androgen receptors in human dermal papilla cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:556. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020556
  35. Chovarda E, Sotiriou E, Lazaridou E, Vakirlis E, Ioannides D. The role of prostaglandins in androgenetic alopecia. Int J Dermatol. 2021;60:730-735. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15378
  36. Rossi A, Campo D, Fortuna MC, Garelli V, Pranteda G, De Vita G, Sorriso-Valvo L, Di Nunno D, Carlesimo M. A preliminary study on topical cetirizine in the therapeutic management of androgenetic alopecia. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018;29:149-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2017.1341610
  37. Zaky MS, Abo Khodeir H, Ahmed HA, Elsaie ML. Therapeutic implications of topical cetirizine 1% in treatment of male androgenetic alopecia: a case-controlled study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20:1154-1159. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13940
  38. Hossein Mostafa D, Samadi A, Niknam S, Nasrollahi SA, Guishard A, Firooz A. Efficacy of cetirizine 1% versus minoxidil 5% topical solution in the treatment of male alopecia: a randomized, singleblind controlled study. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2021;24:191-199. https://doi.org/10.18433/jpps31456
  39. DuBois J, Bruce S, Stewart D, Kempers S, Harutunian C, Boodhoo T, Weitzenfeld A, Chang-Lin JE. Setipiprant for androgenetic alopecia in males: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2a trial. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2021;14:1507-1517. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S319676
  40. Wen S, Wei J, Bao J, Guo T, Zheng W, Zhuang X, Lin Y. Effect of levocetirizine hydrochloride on the growth of human dermal papilla cells: a preliminary study. Ann Palliat Med. 2020;9:308-317. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm.2020.01.15
  41. Johnstone MA. Hypertrichosis and increased pigmentation of eyelashes and adjacent hair in the region of the ipsilateral eyelids of patients treated with unilateral topical latanoprost. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124:544-547. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70870-0
  42. Coronel-Perez IM, Rodriguez-Rey EM, Camacho-Martinez FM. Latanoprost in the treatment of eyelash alopecia in alopecia areata universalis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24:481-485. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03543.x
  43. Faghihi G, Andalib F, Asilian A. The efficacy of latanoprost in the treatment of alopecia areata of eyelashes and eyebrows. Eur J Dermatol. 2009;19:586-587. https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2009.0766
  44. Ross EK, Bolduc C, Lui H, Shapiro J. Lack of efficacy of topical latanoprost in the treatment of eyebrow alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:1095-1096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.06.031
  45. Blume-Peytavi U, Lonnfors S, Hillmann K, Garcia Bartels N. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study to assess the efficacy of a 24-week topical treatment by latanoprost 0.1% on hair growth and pigmentation in healthy volunteers with androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;66:794-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2011.05.026
  46. Rafati M, Mahmoudian R, Golpour M, Kazeminejad A, Saeedi M, Nekoukar Z. The effect of latanoprost 0.005% solution in the management of scalp alopecia areata, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Dermatol Ther. 2022;35:e15450.
  47. Yoelin S, Walt JG, Earl M. Safety, effectiveness, and subjective experience with topical bimatoprost 0.03% for eyelash growth. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36:638-649. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01519.x
  48. Wester ST, Lee WW, Shi W. Eyelash growth from application of bimatoprost in gel suspension to the base of the eyelashes. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:1024-1031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.10.017
  49. Woodward JA, Haggerty CJ, Stinnett SS, Williams ZY. Bimatoprost 0.03% gel for cosmetic eyelash growth and enhancement. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2010;9:96-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2010.00487.x
  50. Yoelin SG, Fagien S, Cox SE, Davis PG, Campo A, Caulkins CA, Gallagher CJ. A retrospective review and observational study of outcomes and safety of bimatoprost ophthalmic solution 0.03% for treating eyelash hypotrichosis. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40:1118-1124. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.DSS.0000452658.83001.d9
  51. Kwon O, Kim JY, Paik SH, Jeon HC, Jung YJ, Lee Y, Baek JH, Chun JH, Lee WS, Lee JY, Rogers JD, Halstead M, Eun HC. Long-term utility and durability of the therapeutic effects of bimatoprost 0.03% for eyelash augmentation in healthy Asian subjects. Dermatology. 2014;229:222-229. https://doi.org/10.1159/000363379
  52. Suwanchatchai W, Tanglertsampan C, Pengsalae N, Makornwattana M. Efficacy and safety of bimatoprost 0.03% versus minoxidil 3% in enhancement of eyebrows: a randomized, double-blind, splitface comparative study. J Dermatol. 2012;39:865-866. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2012.01579.x
  53. Glaser DA, Hossain P, Perkins W, Griffiths T, Ahluwalia G, Weng E, Beddingfield FC. Long-term safety and efficacy of bimatoprost solution 0·03% application to the eyelid margin for the treatment of idiopathic and chemotherapy-induced eyelash hypotrichosis: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172:1384-1394. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13443
  54. Vila TO, Camacho Martinez FM. Bimatoprost in the treatment of eyelash universalis alopecia areata. Int J Trichology. 2010;2:86-88. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-7753.77511
  55. Zaheri S, Hughes B. Successful use of bimatoprost in the treatment of alopecia of the eyelashes. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2010;35:e161-e162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03755.x
  56. Law SK. Bimatoprost in the treatment of eyelash hypotrichosis. Clin Ophthalmol. 2010;4:349-358.
  57. Roseborough I, Lee H, Chwalek J, Stamper RL, Price VH. Lack of efficacy of topical latanoprost and bimatoprost ophthalmic solutions in promoting eyelash growth in patients with alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60:705-706.
  58. Borchert M, Bruce S, Wirta D, Yoelin SG, Lee S, Mao C, VanDenburgh A. An evaluation of the safety and efficacy of bimatoprost for eyelash growth in pediatric subjects. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016;10:419-429.
  59. Subedi L, Pandey P, Shim JH, Kim KT, Cho SS, Koo KT, Kim BJ, Park JW. Preparation of topical bimatoprost with enhanced skin infiltration and in vivo hair regrowth efficacy in androgenic alopecia. Drug Deliv. 2022;29:328-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2022.2027046
  60. Hwang JH, Chu H, Ahn Y, Kim J, Kim DY. HMGB1 promotes hair growth via the modulation of prostaglandin metabolism. Sci Rep. 2019;9:6660. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43242-2
  61. Villarreal-Villarreal CD, Sinclair RD, Martinez-Jacobo L, GarzaRodriguez V, Rodriguez-Leon SA, Lamadrid-Zertuche AC, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Ortiz-Lopez R, Rojas-Martinez A, OcampoCandiani J. Prostaglandins in androgenetic alopecia in 12 men and four female. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33:e214-e215. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15479