Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology (광물과 암석)

The Petrological Society of Korea & The Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국암석학회 & 한국광물학회)
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Origin and Reservoir Types of Abiotic Native Hydrogen in Continental Lithosphere

대륙 암석권에서 무기 자연 수소의 성인과 부존 형태

  • Kim, Hyeong Soo (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University)
  • 김형수 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과)
  • Received : 2022.07.19
  • Accepted : 2022.09.21
  • Published : 2022.09.30
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Abstract

Natural or native abiotic molecular hydrogen (H2) is a major component in natural gas, however yet its importance in the global energy sector's usage as clean and renewable energy is underestimated. Here we review the occurrence and geological settings of native hydrogen to demonstrate the much widesprease H2 occurrence in nature by comparison with previous estimations. Three main types of source rocks have been identified: (1) ultramafic rocks; (2) cratons comprising iron (Fe2+)-rich rocks; and (3) uranium-rich rocks. The rocks are closely associated with Precambrian crystalline basement and serpentinized ultramafic rocks from ophiolite and peridotite either at mid-ocean ridges or within continental margin(Zgonnik, 2020). Inorganic geological processes producing H2 in the source rocks include (a) the reduction of water during the oxidation of Fe2+ in minerals (e.g., olivine), (b) water splitting due to radioactive decay, (c) degassing of magma at low pressure, and (d) the reaction of water with surface radicals during mechanical breaking (e.g., fault) of silicate rocks. Native hydrogen are found as a free gas (51%), fluid inclusions in various rock types (29%), and dissolved gas in underground water (20%) (Zgonnik, 2020). Although research on H2 has not yet been carried out in Korea, the potential H2 reservoirs in the Gyeongsang Basin are highly probable based on geological and geochemical characteristics including occurrence of ultramafic rocks, inter-bedded basaltic layers and iron-copper deposits within thick sedimentary basin and igneous activities at an active continental margin during the Permian-Paleogene. The native hydrogen is expected to be clean and renewable energy source in the near future. Therefore it is clear that the origin and exploration of the native hydrogen, not yet been revealed by an integrated studies of rock-fluid interaction studies, are a field of special interest, regardless of the presence of economic native hydrogen reservoirs in Korea.

무기 자연 수소(H2)는 천연가스의 주요 구성성분이지만, 청정 및 재생 가능한 에너지로써 글로벌 에너지 분야에서 그 중요성이 다소 과소평가되고 있다. 이 논문은 우리가 과거에 생각했던 것보다 훨씬 광범위한 환경에서 무기 자연 수소가 대륙 암석권에서 대량 생성된다는 최근 논문들을 바탕으로 자연 수소의 발생 기작과 이와 관련된 다양한 지질학적 특징들을 검토하였다. 지금까지 확인된 자연 수소의 주요 근원암은 (1) 초고철질암, (2) 철(Fe2+)이 풍부한 암석으로 구성된 강괴, (3) 우라늄이 풍부한 암석이다. 이 암석들은 선캄브리아 시대 결정질 기반암 그리고 중앙 해령과 대륙기반의 오피올라이트(ophiolite), 페리도타이트(peridotite) 암체에서 사문암화된 초고철질암과 밀접하게 관련된다(Zgonnik, 2020). 이 근원암들에서 자연 수소를 생성하는 무기적 작용은 (a) 광물(예, 감람석)의 Fe2+이 산화되는 동안 물의 환원, (b) 방사성 붕괴로 인한 수전해, (c) 규산염 암석의 기계적 파괴(예, 단층) 동안 물과 표면 라디칼의 반응 등이며, 자연 수소는 자유 기체(51%), 다양한 광물 내의 유체포유물(29%), 지하수의 용존기체(20%) 형태로 발견된다(Zgonnik, 2020). 우리나라의 경우 아직 자연 수소 연구가 수행되지는 않았지만, 경상분지 내 무기 자연 수소의 생성과 부존 가능성은 두꺼운 퇴적분지 내에서 초고철질암, 층간 현무암층과 철/구리 부화대 존재, 그리고 페름기-제3기 동안 능동적 대륙 연변부에서 여러 번의 화성활동 등을 포함한 지질학적/지구화학적 특성을 고려하면 상당히 높은 것으로 평가된다. 최근 지질 기원의 자연 수소를 연구/탐사하는 국외 학자들과 산업체들은 가까운 미래에 자연 수소가 깨끗하고 재생 가능한 획기적인 에너지원 역할을 할 것으로 전망하고 있다. 따라서 우리나라에서 자연 수소의 경제적 활용을 위한 부존지 발견 여부와 상관없이 지하의 암석-유체 상호작용에 관한 통합 연구를 통해 아직 밝혀지지 않은 자연 수소의 성인과 탐사는 차세대 핵심 연구임이 분명하다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 노진환 교수님의 학문적 열정으로부터 시작되었고, 저자는 논문 작성 과정 동안 건설적인 검토와 아낌없는 조언을 해 주신 노진환 교수님께 감사의 말씀을 드립니다. 또한, 심사과정 중에 건설적인 제안과 미비한 점을 지적하여 논문의 완성도를 높여주신 이승렬 박사와 익명의 심사위원께 감사드린다. 이 연구는 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2022R1A2C1003840).

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