Women's Health Nursing (여성건강간호학회지)

Korean Society of Women Health Nursing (한국여성건강간호학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of health behaviors of adult women in Korea before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: secondary analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2020

  • Received : 2022.07.03
  • Accepted : 2022.08.22
  • Published : 2022.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the changes in the health-related behaviors of adult women in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Data from the eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2020) were analyzed. The participants were 4,848 women aged 19 to 64 years in 2019 and 2020. Data analysis using the complex sampling design was performed using SPSS 20.1. Results: Positive changes during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic in Korean adult women were found for improved subjective oral health perceptions (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; p<.001), increased moderate-intensity exercise in work and leisure activities (OR, 1.75; p<.001 and OR; 1.29, p=.004), and a decrease in secondhand smoke exposure at the workplace and in public places (OR, 0.64; p=.004 and OR, 0.60; p<.001). However, the following negative health behavior changes were found: decreased frequency of walking 5 days a week (OR, 0.81; p=.011) and an increase in unhealthy daytime sleep durations (OR, 1.40; p=006). Conclusion: Compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean adult women perceived their subjective dental health more positively during the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased their exposure to secondhand smoke at work and in public places, decreased walking, and increased sleep duration during the week. Since this study only compared data between 1 year before and after the start of the pandemic, it is necessary to investigate a longer period of time in the future. A future study should attempt to identify the factors related to changes in health behaviors caused by the pandemic.

Keywords

References

  1. Reizer A, Koslowsky M, Geffen L. Living in fear: The relationship between fear of COVID-19, distress, health, and marital satisfaction among Israeli women. Health Care Women Int. 2020;41(11-12):1273-1293. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2020.1829626
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID Data Tracker [Internet]. Atlanta: Author; 2022 [cited 2022 Jul 2]. Available from: https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#datatracker-home
  3. Choi JY. COVID-19 in South Korea. Postgrad Med J. 2020;96(1137):399-402. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137738
  4. Park JH. Jang JE, Choi YH. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on oral health behavior and oral symptoms in young adults. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2021;45(4):192-197. https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2021.45.4.192
  5. Mathieu E, Ritchie H, Ortiz-Ospina E, Roser M, Hasell J, Appel C, et al. A global database of COVID-19 vaccinations. Nat Hum Behav. 2021;5(7):947-953. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01122-8
  6. Proto E, Quintana-Domeque C. COVID-19 and mental health deterioration by ethnicity and gender in the UK. PLoS One. 2021;16(1):e0244419. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244419
  7. Oberndorfer M, Dorner TE, Brunnmayr M, Berger K, Dugandzic B, Bach M. Health-related and socio-economic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vienna. Health Soc Care Community. 2022;30(4):1550-1561. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13485
  8. Pant S, Subedi M. Impact of COVID-19 on the elderly. JPAHS. 2020;7(2):32-38. https://doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v7i2.31104
  9. Bambra C, Albani V, Franklin P. COVID-19 and the gender health paradox. Scand J Public Health. 2021;49(1):17-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494820975604
  10. Pereira MD. Researching gender inequalities in academic labor during the COVID-19 pandemic: avoiding common problems and asking different questions. Gend Work Organ. 2021;28(Suppl 2):498-509. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12618
  11. Allen S, Julian Z, Coyne-Beasley T, Erwin PC, Fletcher FE. COVID-19's impact on women: a stakeholder-engagement approach to increase public awareness through virtual town halls. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2020;26(6):534-538. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001249
  12. Llop-Girones A, Vracar A, Llop-Girones G, Benach J, Angeli-Silva L, Jaimez L, et al. Employment and working conditions of nurses: where and how health inequalities have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic? Hum Resour Health. 20. 2116;19(1):112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00651-7
  13. Auzan AA. The economy under the pandemic and afterwards. Popul Econ. 2020;4(2):4-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.4.e53403
  14. Coman C, Tiru LG, Mesesan-Schmitz L, Stanciu C, Bularca MC. Online teaching and learning in higher education during the coronavirus pandemic: students' perspective. Sustainability. 2020;12(24):10367. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410367
  15. Khlystova O, Kalyuzhnova Y, Belitski M. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the creative industries: a literature review and future research agenda. J Bus Res. 2022;139:1192-1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.09.062
  16. Prowse R, Sherratt F, Abizaid A, Gabrys RL, Hellemans KG, Patterson ZR, et al. Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic: examining gender differences in stress and mental health among university students. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:650759. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.650759
  17. Varma P, Junge M, Meaklim H, Jackson ML. Younger people are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic: a global cross-sectional survey. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021;109:110236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110236
  18. Lee JH, Kim BS. Relationship between the objective oral health status and the subjective oral health awareness of Korean adults. AJMAHS. 2015;5(3):119-130. http://doi.org/10.35873/ajmahs.2015.5.3.013
  19. Choi MJ, Kim SY, Choi SJ. The relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and mental health of adult female non-smokers in Korea: based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019. Korean J Health Serv Manag. 2021;15(5):105-115. https://doi.org/10.12811/kshsm.2021.15.3.105
  20. World Health Organization. #HealthyAtHom-physical activity [Internet]. Geneva; Author: 2022 [cited 2022 Mar 1]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/campaigns/connecting-the-world-to-combat-coronavirus/healthyathome/healthyathome---physical-activity
  21. Korea Society for the Study of Obesity. Quick reference guideline 2020 [Internet]. Seoul: Author; 2022 [cited 2022 Jun 1]. Available from: http://general.kosso.or.kr/html/?pmode=BBBS0001300003&page=1&smode=view&seq=1375&searchValue=&searchTitle=strTitle
  22. World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior [Internet]. Geneva; Author: 2020 [cited 2020 Apr 20]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/336656/9789240015128-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  23. Ekelund U, Tarp J, Steene-Johannessen J, Hansen BH, Jefferis B, Fagerland MW, et al. Dose-response associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time and all cause mortality: systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis. BMJ. 2019;366:14570. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4570
  24. Lima MG, Barros MB, Ceolim MF, Zancanella E, Cardoso TAMO. Sleep duration, health status, and subjective well-being: a population-based study. Rev Saude Publica. 2018;52:82. https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000602
  25. Kim MJ, Lim CY. Correlation of self-perceived oral health status and objective oral health status of adults. J Korea Acad-Industr Coop Soc. 2017;18(5):375-381. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2017.18.5.375
  26. Chu DK, Akl EA, Duda S, Solo K, Yaacoub S, Schunemann HJ, et al. Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2020;395(10242):1973-1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9
  27. Jin S, Han KM, Nam M, Chang J. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and depressive symptoms among Korean adults. Korean J Biol Psychiatry. 2020;27(2):101-111. https://doi.org/10.22857/kjbp.2020.27.2.008
  28. Lee J, Kwon M. Health behavior changes in Korean adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: secondary data analysis of the 2019-2020 Youth Health Risk Behavior web-based survey. J Korean Soc Sch Health. 2021;34(3):179-189. https://doi.org/10.15434/kssh.2021.34.3.179
  29. Kim MS, Kim YH. A study on the assertive behavior among non-smoking college students under secondhand smoke exposure. J Korea Acad-Industr Coop Soc. 2012;13(11):5187-5195. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2012.13.11.5187
  30. Kim SS. The urine cotinine level and periodontal disease among environmental tobacco smoke exposure on convergence study. J Korean Converg Soc. 2018;9(12):295-299. https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2018.9.12.295
  31. Oberg M, Jaakkola MS, Woodward A, Peruga A, Pruss-Ustun A. Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. Lancet. 2011;377(9760):139-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61388-8
  32. Guak S, Lee K, Kim S, Kim S, Yang W, Ha K. Impact of the smoke-free law on secondhand smoke in computer game rooms. J Environ Health Sci. 2015;41(1):11-16. https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2015.41.1.11
  33. Kashyap VK, Dhasmana A, Massey A, Kotnala S, Zafar N, Jaggi M, et al. Smoking and COVID-19: adding fuel to the flame. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(18):6581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186581
  34. Castaneda-Babarro A, Arbillaga-Etxarri A, Gutierrez-Santamaria B, Coca A. Physical activity change during COVID-19 confinement. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186878
  35. Lee SY. In the era of COVID-19, 8 out of 10 people have done 'home training'. Yunhap news. 2020 Apr 24.
  36. Hall G, Laddu DR, Phillips SA, Lavie CJ, Arena R. A tale of two pandemics: how will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;64:108-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.005
  37. Sallis JF, Adlakha D, Oyeyemi A, Salvo D. An international physical activity and public health research agenda to inform coronavirus disease-2019 policies and practices. J Sport Health Sci. 2020;9(4):328-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.05.005
  38. Farah BQ, do Prado WL, Malik N, Lofrano-Prado MC, de Melo PH, Botero JP, et al. Barriers to physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults: a cross-sectional study. Sport Sci Health. 2021;17(2):441-447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-020-00724-5
  39. Dwyer MJ, Pasini M, De Dominicis S, Righi E. Physical activity: benefits and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30(7):1291-1294. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13710
  40. Suh DH, Nam SM, Um HS, Kim MJ. Physical activity and psychological state of adolescents experiencing the spread of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Korean J Growth Develop. 2022;30(2):207-218. https://doi.org/10.34284/kjgd.2022.05.30.2.207
  41. Cellini N, Canale N, Mioni G, Costa S. Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. J Sleep Res. 2020;29(4):e13074. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13074
  42. Gao C, Scullin MK. Sleep health early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the United States: integrating longitudinal, cross-sectional, and retrospective recall data. Sleep Med. 2020;73:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.032
  43. Kim OJ. Effects of physical activity levels on subjective health.body type recognition and mental health status.sleep fatigue recovery for Korean adolescents: evidence from before and after COVID-19. J Converg Sports Exerc Sci. 2022;20(1):29-40. https://doi.org/10.22997/jcses.2022.20.1.29