Korean Journal of Plant Resources (한국자원식물학회지)

The Plant Resources Society of Korea (한국자원식물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of Chlorogenic Acid Content and Biological Activities of Aralia elata Ethanol Extract

두릅 에탄올 추출물의 Chlorogenic acid 함량 분석 및 생리활성

  • Lee, Jeong Ho (Sunchang Research Institute of Health and Longevity) ;
  • Jeong, Kyoung Ok (Sunchang Research Institute of Health and Longevity) ;
  • Im, So Yeon (Sunchang Research Institute of Health and Longevity) ;
  • Jin, Da Mon (Sunchang Research Institute of Health and Longevity) ;
  • Lee, Wang Ro (Faculty of Liberal Education, Jeonbuk National University)
  • 이정호 ((재)순창건강장수연구소) ;
  • 정경옥 ((재)순창건강장수연구소) ;
  • 임소연 ((재)순창건강장수연구소) ;
  • 진다몬 ((재)순창건강장수연구소) ;
  • 이왕로 (전북대학교 혁신교육개발원)
  • Received : 2022.07.27
  • Accepted : 2022.09.15
  • Published : 2022.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to quantify chlorogenic acid content and evaluate biological activity, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and digestive enzyme activity of Aralia elata ethanol extract (AEE). The SC50 of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of AEE were 4.79±0.05 mg/mL, 5.79±0.05 mg/mL; total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were 170.0±1.8 mgGAE/g, 105.5±4.1 mgQE/g, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) was increased in RAW 264.7 cells and Caco-2 cells with treatment of LPS, and production of NO was inhibited by AEE in a concentration-dependent manner. Production of NO was reduced by 60.0±1.1% in RAW 264.7 cells and 50.7±2.8% in Caco-2 cells at of AEE. Similarly, the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) was inhibited in a concentration dependent manner. Antibacterial activity increased as the dose concentration of AEE increased, and the MIC was 75 mg/mL for L. monocytogenes, and 100 mg/mL for S. typhimurium and H. pylori. In addition, amylase and protease enzyme activity was observed in AEE and increased enzyme activity was observed according to the concentration of the extract. AEE contained 7.06±0.01 mg/g of chlorogenic acid. As a result of the experiment, it is judged that it can be used as basic data for the development of health food using Aralia elata.

순창군에서 생산된 두릅을 40% EtOH을 이용하여 추출한 후 chlorogenic acid 함량, 항산화, 항균, 항염 및 소화효소 활성을 측정하였다. HPLC를 이용하여 chlorogenic acid 함량을 측정한 결과 7.06±0.01 mg/g 함유되어 있었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성(SC50)은 4.79±0.05 mg/mL, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성(SC50)은 5.79±0.05 mg/mL, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 170.0±1.8 mgGAE/g, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 105.5±4.1 mgQE/g으로 분석되었다. RAW 264.7 세포, Caco-2 세포에서 세포독성이 나타나지 않았으며, 농도 의존적으로 NO 생성이 억제되었다. RAW 264.7 세포에서 염증성 cytokine인 TNF-α생성은 8.9±0.1 ng/mL, IL-6 생성은 15.2±0.8 ng/mL, IL-1β생성은 30.9±0.9 pg/mL으로 억제되었으며, AEE의 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라 TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 생성이 농도 의존적으로 억제되었다. S. typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, H. pylori에 대한 항균활성이 우수하게 나타났으며, 두릅을 EtOH 추출물의 처리농도가 증가함에 따라 효소 활성인 α-amylase와 protease 효소활성도 증가하였다. 순창군에서 생산된 두릅은 chlorogenic acid를 다량 함유하고 있으며, 항산화, 항염, 항균, 소화효소 활성이 우수하게 나타나 향후 건강기능성 소재로 개발할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, E.M., S.A. Choi and J.Y. Choi. 2017. HPLC analytical method validation of Aralia elata extract as a functional ingredients. Korean J. Food Preserv. 24(6):795-801 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2017.24.6.795
  2. Akbar, A., M.B. Sadiq, I. Ali, N. Muhammad, Z. Rehman, M.N. Khan, J. Muhammad, S.A, Khan, F.U. Rehman and A.K. Anal. 2019. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Biocatal. Agric Biotechnol. 17:36-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.005
  3. Alley, M.C., D.A. Scudiero, A. Monks, M.L. Hursey, M.J. Czerwinski, D.L. Fine, B.J. Abbott, J.G. Mayo, R.H. Shoemaker and M.R. Boyd. 1988. Feasibility of drug screening with panels of human tumor cell lines using a microculture tetrazolium assay. Cancer Res. 48(3):589-601.
  4. Berg, R., G. Haenen, H. Berg and A. Bast. 1999. Applicability of an improved trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity measurements of mixtures. Food Chem. 66(4):511-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00089-8
  5. Bernfeld, P. 1955. Amylases α and β methods in enzymology, Methods Enzymol. 1:149-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(55)01021-5
  6. Boligon, A.A., M.M. Machado and M.L. Athaydem. 2014. Technical evaluation of antioxidant activity. Med Chem. 4(7):517-522.
  7. Cha, J.H., Y.S. Kim and E.M. Lee. 2010. Effects of Prunellae Spica water extract on immune response in macrophage cells. J. Orien Obstet Gynecol. 23(3):91-100 (in Korean).
  8. Cha, J.Y., H.Y. Ahn, K.E. Eom, B.K. Park, B.S. Jun and Y.S. Cho. 2009. Antioxidative activity of Aralia elata shoot and leaf extracts. J. Life Sci. 19(5):652-658. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2009.19.5.652
  9. Cha, M.H and Y.K. Kim. 2008. Analysis of consumption values of a seaweed functional food. J. Korean Soc Food Cult. 23(4):462-468 (in Korean).
  10. Chang, S.T., J.H. Wu, S.Y. Wang, P.L. Kang, N.S. Yang and L.F. Shyur. 2001. Antioxidant activity of extracts from Acacia confusa bark and heartwood. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(7):3420-3424. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0100907
  11. Chung, D.M., Y.C. Chung and H.K. Chun. 2011. Spectrophotometric assay for determination of chlorogenic acid using green pigment formation and quantitative analysis of chlorogenic acid in Blueberry Leaf. J. Life Sci. 21(4): 610-612. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.4.610
  12. Green, L.C., D.A. Wagner, J. Glogowski, P.L. Skipper, J.S. Wishnok and S.R. Tannenbaum. 1982. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N] nitrate in biological fluids. Anal Biochem. 126(1):131-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-X
  13. Hertog, M.G.L., P.C.H. Hollman and D.P. Venema. 1992. Optimization of a quantitative HPLC determination of potentially anti-carcinogenic flavonoids in vegetables and fruits. J. Agric Food Chem. 40(9):1591-1598. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00021a023
  14. Jin, J.Y., E.H, Park, Y.A. Jeon and Y.J. Lee. 2017. Antihypertensive effect of ethanol extracts of Aralia elata in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Korean J. Vet Res. 57(3):181-187 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.2017.57.3.181
  15. Jo, S.H., M.E. Kim, J.H. Cho, Y.J. Lee, J.W. Lee, Y.D. Park and J.S. Lee. 2019. Hesperetin inhibits neuroinflammation on microglia by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and MAPK pathways. Arch Pharm Res. 42(8):695-703. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-019-01174-5
  16. Jun, H.I., Y.A. Kim and Y.S. Kim. 2014. Antioxidant activities of Rubus coreanus Miquel and Morus alba L. fruits. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 43(3):381-388 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.3.381
  17. Kang, J.E., S.K. Park, T.J. Guo, J.Y. Kang, D.S. Lee, J.M. Kim, O.J. Kwon, U. Lee and H.J. Heo. 2016. Antioxidant activity and comparative analysis of major functional compounds in liqueur using coffee and coffee-ground. Korean J. Food Preserv. 23(4):560-567 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.4.560
  18. Kang, J.R., M.J. Kang, J.H. Shin, J.H. Park and D.I. Kim. 2017. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of various solvent extracts from Stachys sieboldii Miq. Korean J. Food Preserv. 24(5):615-622 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2017.24.5.615
  19. Kim, H.J., J.Y. Cha, M.L. Choi and Y.S. Cho. 2000. Antioxidative activities by water-soluble extracts of morus alba and Cudrania tricuspidata. J. Korean Soc Agric Chem Biotechnol. 43(2):148-152 (in Korean).
  20. Kim, J.H. 2020. Identification and characterization of fibrinolytic compound from Cornus officinalis S. et Z. Korean J. Plant Res. 33(4):237-244 (in Korean).
  21. Kim, J.H., M.U, Kim and Y.J. Cho. 2007. Isolation and identification of inhibitory compound from Crataegi Fructus on αamylase and α-glucosidase. J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem. 50(3):204-209 (in Korean).
  22. Kim, M.H., J.H. Rho and M.J. Kim. 2011. Stabilizing and optimizing properties of crude protease extracted from Korean figs. Korean J. Food Cookery Sci. 27(3):29-37 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2011.27.3.029
  23. Kim, S.H., M.S. Kim, J.G. Han, H.S. Kim and H.K. Moon. 2013. Morphological characteristics and classification of 25 selected clones of Aralia elata Seem. Korean J. Plant Res. 26(1):36-43 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2013.26.1.036
  24. Kim, Y.J., H.W. Kim, M.K. Lee, S.H. Lee, G. Asamenew, S. Lee, S.H. Lee, Y.S. Cha and J.B. Kim. 2018. Comparison of phenolic acid from shoots of Aralia elata and Kalopanax pictus cultivated in Korea using UPLC-DAD-ESI(+)-QToF/MS. Korean J. Environ Agric. 37(4):260-267 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2018.37.4.37
  25. Kwon, B.S., S.K. Park, J.M. Kim, J.Y. Kang, S.H. Park, J.E. Kang, C.J. Lee, S.B. Park, S.K. Yoo U. Lee and H.J. Heo. 2018. Antioxidant capacity and hepatoprotective effect of ethyl acetate fraction from shoot of Aralia elata on alcoholinduced cytotoxicity. Korean J. Food Sci Technol. 50(2): 216-224 (in Korean).
  26. Lee, B.B., S.T. Park, C.S. Han, D.Y. Han, E.J. Park, H.T. Park and S.C. Lee. 2008. Antioxidant activity and inhibition activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase of Viola mandshurica extracts. J. Korean Soc Food Sc Nutr. 37(4):405-409 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.4.405
  27. Lee, R.H., S.J. Yang, T.Y. Hwang, S.K. Chung and J.H. Hong. 2015. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity and protease characteristics produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Korean J. Food Preserv. 22(5):727-734 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2015.22.5.727
  28. Lee, S.Y., J.H. Kim, J.M, Park, I.C. Lee and J.Y. Lee. 2014. Antioxidant activity and inhibition activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase of Smilax China L.. Korean J. Food Preserv. 21(2):254-263 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.2.254
  29. Lee, T.G., S.W. Hyun, I.S. Lee, B.K. Park, J.S. Kim and C.S. Kim. 2018. Antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the extracts of Aster koraiensis Leaves. Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci. 26(5):382-390 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2018.26.5.382
  30. Lehrer, R.I., M. Rosenman, S.S.S.L. Harwig, R. Jackson and P. Eisenhauer. 1991. Ultrasensitive assays for endogenous antimicrobial polypeptides. J. Immunol Methods. 137(2): 167-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(91)90021-7
  31. Middleton, E,, C. Kandaswami and T.C. Theoharides. 2000. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol. Rev. 52(4):673-751.
  32. Moreno, M., M. Isla, A.R. Sampietro and M.A. Vattuone. 2000. Comparison of the free radical-scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. J. Ethnopharmacol. 71(1-2):109-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00189-0
  33. Oboh, G., O.M. Agunloye, S.A. Adefegha, A.J. Akinyemi and A.O. Ademiluyi. 2015. Caffeic and chlorogenic acids inhibit key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes(in vitro): A comparative study. J. Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 26(2):165-170.
  34. Olthof, M.R., P.C. Hollman and M.B. Katan. 2001. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid are absorbed in humans. J. Nutr. 131(1) 66-71. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.1.66
  35. Osuagwu, S.O., Smart, I.T., Oluma, H.O.A. and O. Adibe. 2021. Antibacterial activity and phytochemical properties of selected medicinal plants against Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C, clinical isolates in Lafia, Nigeria. Am. Sci. Res. J. Eng. Technol. Sci 81(1):203-221.
  36. Park, Y.C., Y.T. Yang, J.Y. Kim, C.H. Lee, S.H. Kang and J.H. Kang. 2021. Characteristics of flavonoids in juice and cluster analysis of satsuma mandarin germplasm. Korean J. Plant Res. 34(1):37-43 (in Korean).
  37. Qi, M., X. Hua, X. Peng, X. Yan and J. Lin. 2018. Comparison of chemical composition in the buds of Aralia elata from different geographical origins of China. R Soc Open Sci. 5(8):180676. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180676
  38. Rahbari, K.M., J.C. Chang and M.J. Federle. 2021. A Streptococcus quorum sensing system enables suppression of innate immunity. Am Soc Microbiol. 12(3):e03400-20.
  39. Romier-Crouzet, B., J. Van De Walle, A. During, A. Joly, C. Rousseau, O. Henry, Y. Larondelle and Y.J. Schneider. 2009. Inhibition of inflammatory mediators by polyphenolic plant extracts in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 47(6):1221-1230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.015
  40. Shon, D.H., M.H. Kim, Y.C. Kim and S.S. Kim. 2010. Effect of Korean red ginseng on the stability of the tight junction of intestinal epithelial cells. Korean J. Food Sci Technol. 42(3): 335-342 (in Korean).
  41. Singleton, V.L. and J.A. Rossi. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 16:144-158. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144
  42. Suh, J.T., K.D. Kim, H.B. Sohn, S.J. Kim, S.Y. Hong and Y.H. Kim. 2020. Comparative study of antioxidant activities at different cultivation area and harvest date of the Gomchwi 'Sammany' variety. Korean J. Plant Res. 33(4):245-254 (in Korean).
  43. Suh, Y.S., S.H. Lee, Y. Shang, J.R. Yoon and W.J. Lee. 2014. Changes in antioxidant activities and flavor patterns of Coffea arabica beans during roasting. Korean J. Food Preserv. 21(2):224-230 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.2.224
  44. Takarada, K., R. Kimizuka, N. Takahashi, K. Honma, K. Okuda and T. Kato. 2004. A comparison of the antibacterial efficacies of essential oils against oral pathogens. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 19(1):61-65. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0902-0055.2003.00111.x
  45. Walia, N. and L. Chen. 2020. Pea protein based vitamin D nanoemulsions: Fabrication, stability and in vitro study using Caco-2 cells. Food Chem. 305:125475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125475
  46. Wang, K.J., Y.J. Zhang and C.R. Yang. 2005. Antioxidant phenolic compounds from rhizomes of Polygonum paleaceum. J. Ethnopharmacol. 96(3):483-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.036
  47. Woo, Y.M., O.J. Kim, E.S. Jo, M.Y. Jo, M.Y. Ahn, S.H. Lee, J.M. Ha and A. Kim. 2018. Enhancement of the antiinflammatory activities of Aralia continentalis kitagawa extracts fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum. J. Life Sci. 28(12):1438-1447.
  48. Yu, A.R., H.Y. Park, I.W. Choi, Y.K. Park, H.D. Hong and H.D. Choi. 2012. Immune enhancing effect of medicinal herb extracts on a RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 41(11):1521-1527 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.11.1521