Advances in nano research

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic response of NFRP reinforced RC frame with shape memory alloy components

  • Received : 2022.03.05
  • Accepted : 2022.06.15
  • Published : 2022.09.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Creation of plastic deformation under seismic loads, is one of the most serious subjects in RC structures with steel bars which reduces the life threatening risks and increases dissipation of energy. Shape memory alloy (SMA) is one of the best choice for the relocating plastic hinges. In a challenge to study the seismic response of concrete moment resisting frame (MRF), this article investigates numerically a new type of concrete frames with nano fiber reinforced polymer (NFRP) and shape memory alloy (SMA) hinges, simultaneously. The NFRP layer is containing carbon nanofibers with agglomeration based on Mori-Tanaka model. The tangential shear deformation (TASDT) is applied for modelling of the structure and the continuity boundary conditions are used for coupling of the motion equations. In SMA connections between beam and columns, since there is phase transformation, hence, the motion equations of the structure are coupled with kinetic equations of phase transformation. The Hernandez-Lagoudas theory is applied for demonstrating of pseudoelastic characteristics of SMA. The corresponding motion equations are solved by differential cubature (DC) and Newmark methods in order to obtain the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and residual drift ratio for MRF-2%. The main impact of this paper is to present the influences of the volume percent and agglomeration of nanofibers, thickness and length of the concrete frame, SMA material and NFRP layer on the PGA and drift ratio. The numerical results revealed that the with increasing the volume percent of nanofibers, the PGA is enhanced and the residual drift ratio is reduced. It is also worth to mention that PGA of concrete frame with NFRP layer containing 2% nanofibers is approximately equal to the concrete frame with steel bars.

Keywords

References

  1. Al-Furjan, M.S.H., Farrokhian, A., Mahmoud, S.R. and Kolahchi, R. (2021), "Dynamic deflection and contact force histories of graphene platelets reinforced conical shell integrated with magnetostrictive layers subjected to low-velocity impact", Thin-Wall. Struct., 163, 107706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.107706.
  2. Al-Furjan, M.S.H., Shan, L., Shen, X., Kolahchi, R. and Rajak, D.K. (2022a), "Combination of FEM-DQM for nonlinear mechanics of porous GPL-reinforced sandwich nanoplates based on various theories", Thin Wall. Struct., 178, 109495, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2022.109495.
  3. Al-Furjan, M.S.H., Yin, C., Shen, X., Kolahchi, R., Zarei, M.Sh. and Hajmohammad, M.H. (2022b), "Energy absorption and vibration of smart auxetic FG porous curved conical panels resting on the frictional viscoelastic torsional substrate", Mech. Syst. Sign. Proc., 178, 109269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2022.109269.
  4. Abreik, E. (2020), "Seismic performance of shape memory alloy reinforced concrete moment frames under sequential seismic hazard", Structures, 26, 311-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.04.025.
  5. Abou-Elfath, H. (2018), "Ductility characteristics of concrete frames reinforced with superelastic shape memory alloys", Alexand. Eng. J., 57(4), 4121-4132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2018.10.013
  6. Alam, M.S. and Moni, M. (2012), "Tesfamariam S. Seismic overstrength and ductility of concrete buildings reinforced with superelastic shape memory alloy rebar", Eng. Struct. 34, 8-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.08.030.
  7. Al-Osta, M.A., Saidi, H., Tounsi, A., Al-Dulaijan, S.U., Al-Zahrani, M.M., Sharif, A and Tounsi, A. (2021), "Influence of porosity on the hygro-thermo-mechanical bending response of an AFG ceramic-metal plates using an integral plate model", Smart Struct. Syst., 28(4), 499-513. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2021.28.4.499.
  8. Bekkaye, T.H.L., Fahsi, B., Bousahla, A.A., Bourada, F., Tounsi, A., Benrahou, K.H. and Al-Zahrani, M.M. (2020), "Porositydependent mechanical behaviors of FG plate using refined trigonometric shear deformation theory", Comput. Concr., 26(5), 439-450. https://doi.org/10.12989/CAC.2020.26.5.439.
  9. Blazy, J. and Blazy, R. (2021), "Polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete and its application in creating architectural forms of public spaces", Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 14, e00549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00549.
  10. Brinson, L.C. (1993), "One-dimensional constitutive model of shape memory alloys: thermomechanical derivation with nonconstant material functions", J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 4(2), 229-242, https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X9300400213.
  11. Ding, H., Kaup, A., Wang, J.T., Lu, L.Q. and Altay, A. (2021), "Real-time hybrid simulation framework for the investigation of soil-structure interaction effects on the vibration control performance of shape memory alloys", Eng. Struct., 243, 112621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112621.
  12. Elfeki, M.A. and Youssef, M.A. (2017), "Shape memory alloy reinforced concrete frames vulnerable to strong vertical excitations", J. Build. Eng., 13, 272-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.08.011.
  13. Gur, S., Frantziskonis, G.N. and Mishra, S.K. (2017), "Thermally modulated shape memory alloy friction pendulum (tmSMA-FP) for substantial near-fault earthquake structure protection", Struct. Cont. Heal. Monitor., 24, 88-101, https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2021.
  14. Hajlaoui, A., Chebbi, E. and Dammak, F. (2019), "Buckling analysis of carbon nanotube reinforced FG shells using an efficient solid-shell element based on modified FSDT", Thin- Wall. Struct., 144, 106254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.106254.
  15. Hajlaoui, A., Chebbi, E., Wali, M. and Dammak, F. (2020a), "Geometrically nonlinear analysis of FGM shells using solidshell element with parabolic shear strain distribution", Int. J. Mech. Mat. Des., 16, 351-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10999-019-09465-x.
  16. Hajlaoui, A., Chebbi, E., Wali, M. and Dammak, F. (2020b), "Static analysis of carbon nanotube-reinforced FG shells using an efficient solid-shell element with parabolic transverse shear strain", Eng. Comput., 37(3), 823-849. https://doi.org/10.1108/EC-02-2019-0075.
  17. Hajmohammad, M.H., Maleki, M. and Kolahchi, R. (2018), "Seismic response of underwater concrete pipes conveying fluid covered with nano-fiber reinforced polymer layer", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 110, 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.04.002.
  18. Huang, H. and Chang, W.S. (2017), "Seismic resilience timber connection-adoption of shape memory alloy tubes as dowels", Struct. Cont. Heal. Monitor., 24, 56-72, https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1980.
  19. Hosseini, A., Michels, J., Izadi, M. and Ghafoori, E. (2019), "A comparative study between Fe-SMA and CFRP reinforcements for prestressed strengthening of metallic structures", Constr. Build. Mater., 226, 976-992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.169.
  20. Jassas, M.R., Bidgoli, M.R. and Kolahchi, R. (2019), "Forced vibration analysis of concrete slabs reinforced by agglomerated SiO2 nanofibers based on numerical methods", Constr. Build. Mater., 211, 796-806, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.263.
  21. Jeon, E.B., Ahn, S.K., Lee, I.G., Koh, H.I., Park, J. and Kim, H.S. (2015), "Investigation of mechanical/dynamic properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer concrete for low noise railway slab", Compos. Struct., 134, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.082.
  22. Karimipour, A. and Edalati, M. (2020), "Shear and flexural performance of low, normal and high-strength concrete beams reinforced with longitudinal SMA, GFRP and steel rebars", Eng. Struct., 221, 111086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111086.
  23. Keshtegar, B., Tabatabaei, J., Kolahchi, R. and Trung, N.T. (2020), "Dynamic stress response in the nanocomposite concrete pipes with internal fluid under the ground motion load", Adv. Concr. Constr., 9(3), 327-335, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2020.9.3.327.
  24. Kolahchi, R. (2017), "A comparative study on the bending, vibration and buckling of viscoelastic sandwich nano-plates based on different nonlocal theories using DC, HDQ and DQ methods", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 66, 235-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.03.016.
  25. Kumar, Y., Gupta, A. and Tounsi, A. (2021), "Size-dependent vibration response of porous graded nanostructure with FEM and nonlocal continuum model", Adv. Nano Res.,11(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2021.11.1.001.
  26. Lagoudas, D.C., Hartl, D., Chemisky, Y., Machado, L. and Popov, P. (2012), "Constitutive model for the numerical analysis of phase transformation in polycrystalline shape memory alloys", Int. J. Plas., 32, 155-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2011.10.009.
  27. Lee, C.S., Choi, E. and Jeon, J.S. (2022), "Estimating the plastic hinge length of rectangular concrete columns reinforced with NiTi superelastic shape memory alloys", Eng. Struct., 252, 113641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113641.
  28. Lobo, P.S., Almeida, J. and Guerreiro, L. (2017), "Recentring and control of peak displacements of a RC frame using damping devices", Soil Dynam. Earthq. Eng., 94, 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.01.003.
  29. Mahjoobi, M. and Rabani Bidgoli, M. (2019), "Dynamic deflection analysis induced by blast load in viscoelastic sandwich plates with nanocomposite facesheets", J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., 23(4), 1118-1140. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636219853189.
  30. Mahjoobi, M., Rabani Bidgoli, M and Mazaheri, M. (2021a), "Dynamic analysis of quadrilateral concrete foundation integrated with NFRP layers based on numerical method", Adv. nano Res., 11(5), 537-546. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2021.11.5.537.
  31. Moni, M. (2011), Performance of Shape Memory Alloy Reinforced Concrete Frames Under Extreme Loads, University of British Columbia, England.
  32. Motezaker, M., Kolahchi, R., Rajak, D.K. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2021b), "Influences of fiber reinforced polymer layer on the dynamic deflection of concrete pipes containing nanoparticle subjected to earthquake load", Polym. Compos., 42, 4073-4081, https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26118.
  33. Muntasir Billah, A.H.M. and Shahria Alam, M. (2016), "Plastic hinge length of shape memory alloy (SMA) reinforced concrete bridge pier", Eng. Struct., 117, 321-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.050.
  34. Navarro-Gomez, A. and Bonet, J.L. (2019), "Improving the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete moment resisting frames by means of SMA bars and ultra-high performance concrete", Eng. Struct., 197, 109409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109409.
  35. Nunes, P and Silva Lobo P. (2019), "Influence of the SMA constitutive model on the longitudinal seismic response of RC bridges", Procedia Struct. Integrity, 17, 624-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2019.08.084.
  36. Oudah, F. and El-Hacha, R. (2018), "Innovative self-centering concrete beam-column connection reinforced using shape memory alloy", ACI Struct. J., 115(3). 22-36, https://doi.org/10.14359/51702132.
  37. Ouyang, L.J., Gao, W.Y., Zhen, B. and Lu, Z.D. (2017), "Seismic retrofit of square reinforced concrete columns using basalt and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheets: A comparative study", Compos. Struct., 162, 294-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.12.016.
  38. Pareek, S., Suzuki, Y., Youssef, M.A. and Meshaly, M. (2018), "Plastic hinge relocation in reinforced concrete beams using Cu- Al-Mn SMA bars", Eng. Struct., 175, 765-775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.08.072.
  39. Rojob, H. and El-Hacha, R. (2017), "Self-prestressing using ironbased shape memory alloy for flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams", ACI Struct. J., 114(2), 523-532. https://doi.org/10.14359/51689455.
  40. Safari Bilouei, B., Kolahchi, R. and Rabani Bidgoli, M. (2016), "Buckling of concrete columns retrofitted with Nano-Fiber Reinforced Polymer (NFRP)", Comput. Concr., 18(5), 1053-1063. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.18.5.1053.
  41. Siddiquee, K.N., Muntasir Billah, A.H.M. and Issa, A. (2021), "Seismic collapse safety and response modification factor of concrete frame buildings reinforced with superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) rebar", J. Build. Eng., 42, 102468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102468.
  42. Shariati Rad, S. and Rabani Bidgoli, M. (2017), "Earthquake analysis of NFRP-reinforced-concrete beams using hyperbolic shear deformation theory", Earthq. Struct., 13(3), 241-253. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.13.3.241.
  43. Simsek, M. and Reddy, J.N. (2013), "Bending and vibration of functionally graded microbeams using a new higher order beam theory and the modified couple stress theory", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 64, 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2012.12.002.
  44. Tahir, S.I., Chick, A., Tounsi, A., Al-Osta, M.A., Al-Dulaijan, S.U. and Al-Zahrani, M.M. (2021), "Wave propagation analysis of a ceramic-metal functionally graded sandwich plate with different porosity distributions in a hygro-thermal environment", Compos. Struct., 269, 114030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114030.
  45. Yuan, C., Chen, W., Pham, T.M., Hao, H., Cui, J. and Shi, Y. (2020), "Dynamic interfacial bond behaviour between basalt fiber reinforced polymer sheets and concrete", Int. J. Solids Struct., 202, 587-604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2020.07.007.
  46. Zafar, A. and Andrawes, B. (2015), "Seismic behavior of SMA- FRP reinforced concrete frames under sequential seismic hazard", Eng. Struct., 98, 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.045.
  47. Zamani, A. and Rabani Bidgoli, M. (2017), "Vibration analysis of concrete foundations retrofit with NFRP layer resting on soil medium using sinusoidal shear deformation theory", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 103, 141-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.09.018.