Journal of Veterinary Science

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of feed intake and water hardness on fluralaner pharmacokinetics in layer chickens

  • Sari, Ataman Bilge (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa) ;
  • Gunes, Yigit (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa) ;
  • Anlas, Ceren (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa) ;
  • Alkan, Fulya Ustun (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa) ;
  • Guncum, Enes (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University) ;
  • Ustuner, Oya (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa) ;
  • Bakirel, Tulay (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa)
  • Received : 2022.02.16
  • Accepted : 2022.06.17
  • Published : 2022.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Fluralaner is a novel drug belonging to the isoxazoline class that acts on external parasites of domestic animals. It is used systemically via drinking water, especially against red poultry mite in layer chickens. Fluralaner is frequently used in layers infected with D. gallinae. However, no study to date has investigated the effects of feed intake and water hardness. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of variable water hardness and feed intake on the pharmacokinetic profile of fluralaner. Methods: Layer chickens were divided into four groups (n = 8): fed + purified water (Group 1), feed restricted + purified water (Group 2), feed restricted + hard water (Group 3), and feed restricted + soft water (Group 4). After administering a single dose of the drug with drinking water, the blood samples were collected for 21 days. Fluralaner concentrations in plasma samples were determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach maximum plasma concentration (tmax), area under the concentration-time curve values (AUC0-21d), half-life (t1/2), and other pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Results: Although the highest maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was determined in Group 1 (fed + purified water), no statistically significant difference was found in the Cmax, tmax, t1/2, MRT0-inf_obs, Vz/Fobs, and Cl/F_obs parameters between the experimental groups. Conclusions: It was concluded that the feed intake or water hardness did not change the pharmacokinetic profile of fluralaner in layer chickens. Therefore, fluralaner could be used before or after feeding with the varying water hardness in poultry industry.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank Dr. Lora KOENHEMSI (Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine) for her help in handling and managing animals and Chemist Metin YILDIRIM, who shared his experience in analytical methods and validation studies.

References

  1. Ducatelle R, Van Immerseel F. Management and sanitation procedures to control Salmonella in laying hen flocks. In: Van Immerseel F, Nys Y, Bain M, editors. Improving the Safety and Quality of Eggs and Egg Products. Sawston: Woodhead Publishing Limited; 2011, 146-162.
  2. Sigognault Flochlay A, Thomas E, Sparagano O. Poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestation: a broad impact parasitological disease that still remains a significant challenge for the egg-laying industry in Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10(1):357. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2292-4
  3. Van Emous R. Wage war against the red mite! Poult Int. 2005;44(11):26-33.
  4. Kilpinen O. How to obtain a bloodmeal without being eaten by a host: The case of poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. Physiol Entomol. 2005;30(3):232-240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.2005.00452.x
  5. Chauve C. The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778): current situation and future prospects for control. Vet Parasitol. 1998;79(3):239-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00167-8
  6. Abbas RZ, Colwell DD, Iqbal Z, Khan A. Acaricidal drug resistance in poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) and approaches to its management. Worlds Poult Sci J. 2014;70(1):113-124. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933914000105
  7. Zhou X, Hohman AE, Hsu WH. Current review of isoxazoline ectoparasiticides used in veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2022;45(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12959
  8. European Medicines Agency. EMEA/V/C/004344-Exzolt EPAR - Product Information. Amsterdam: European Medicines Agency; 2017, 1-24.
  9. European Medicines Agency. EMEA/V/C/004344-Exzolt EPAR - Summary for the Public. Amsterdam: European Medicines Agency; 2017, 1-3.
  10. European Medicines Agency. European Public Assessment Report (EPAR) for Exzolt. Amsterdam: European Medicines Agency; 2017, 1-30.
  11. European Medicines Agency. European Public MRL Assessment Report (EPMAR) Fluralaner (Poultry). Amsterdam: European Medicines Agency; 2017, 1-12.
  12. Olkowski AA. Livestock Water quality: A Field Guide for Cattle, Horses, Poultry and Swine. Ottawa: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; 2009, p 51.
  13. Sumano LH, Gutierrez OL, Aguilera R, Rosiles MR, Bernard BM, Gracia MJ. Influence of hard water on the bioavailability of enrofloxacin in broilers. Poult Sci. 2004;83(5):726-731. 9/9https://vetsci.org https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.5.726
  14. Ziolkowski H, Madej-Smiechowska H, Grabowski T, Jaroszewski JJ, Maslanka T. Hard water may increase the inhibitory effect of feed on the oral bioavailability of oxytetracycline in broiler chickens. Pol J Vet Sci 2019;22(2):251-258.
  15. Decundo JM, Dieguez SN, Martinez G, Romanelli A, Fernandez Paggi MB, Perez Gaudio DS, et al. Impact of water hardness on oxytetracycline oral bioavailability in fed and fasted piglets. Vet Med Sci. 2019;5(4):517-525. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.185
  16. European Medicines Agency. EMEA/CVMP/540/03 - Guideline on Quality Aspects Of Pharmaceutical Veterinary Medicines For Administration Via Drinking Water. 1st rev. Amsterdam: European Medicines Agency; 2005, 1-10.
  17. Kilp S, Ramirez D, Allan MJ, Roepke RK, Nuernberger MC. Pharmacokinetics of fluralaner in dogs following a single oral or intravenous administration. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:85. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-85
  18. Abuhelwa AY, Williams DB, Upton RN, Foster DJ. Food, gastrointestinal pH, and models of oral drug absorption. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2017;112:234-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.034
  19. Yan JH. Food effect on oral bioavailability: old and new questions. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2017;6(4):323-330. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpdd.351
  20. Ali DN, Hennessy DR. The effect of feed intake on the rate of flow of digesta and the disposition and activity of oxfendazole in sheep. Int J Parasitol. 1993;23(4):477-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(93)90036-X
  21. Ali DN, Hennessy DR. The effect of level of feed intake on the pharmacokinetic disposition and efficacy of ivermectin in sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 1996;19(2):89-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.1996.tb00018.x
  22. Hennessy DR, Ali DN. The effect of feed intake level on the pharmacokinetic disposition of closantel in sheep. Int J Parasitol. 1997;27(9):1081-1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(97)00076-3
  23. Palleria C, Di Paolo A, Giofre C, Caglioti C, Leuzzi G, Siniscalchi A, et al. Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction and their implication in clinical management. J Res Med Sci 2013;18(7):601-610.
  24. Walther FM, Allan MJ, Roepke RK, Nuernberger MC. The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of oral fluralaner in dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:84. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-84
  25. Toutain CE, Seewald W, Jung M. The intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of lotilaner in dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10(1):522. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2475-z
  26. Yadav YC, Pathak K, Pathak D. Review on preclinical and clinical evidence of food (Beverages, fruits and vegetables) and drug interactions: mechanism and safety. Curr Drug Ther. 2020;15(1):12-27. https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885514666190126141424
  27. Flammer K. Antimicrobial drug use in companion birds. In: Giguere S, Prescott JF, Dowling PM. editors. Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine. 4th ed. Ames: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2013, 589-600.
  28. Dorrestein GM, van Miert AS. Pharmacotherapeutic aspects of medication of birds. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 1988;11(1):33-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.1988.tb00118.x
  29. Laczay P, Semjen G, Lehel J, Nagy G. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of doxycycline in fasted and nonfasted broiler chickens. Acta Vet Hung. 2001;49(1):31-37. https://doi.org/10.1556/AVet.49.2001.1.5
  30. Antonia K, Anastasia A, Tesseromatis C. Stress can affect drug pharmacokinetics via serum/tissues protein binding and blood flow rate alterations. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2012;37(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13318-011-0077-2
  31. Guncum E, Bakirel T, Anlas C, Isiklan N, Ustun Alkan F, Charehsaz M, et al. The screening of the safety profile of polymeric based amoxicillin nanoparticles in various test systems. Toxicol Lett. 2021;348:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.05.001
  32. Exzolt Technical Manual [Internet]. Rahway: MSD Animal Health; https://www.exzolt.com/docs/ExZolt_ TechManual.pdf. Updated 2020. Accessed 2021 Sep 15.