Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the 2022 education, research and student guidance grant funded by Jeju National University.
References
- Chin KJ, Karmakar MK, Peng P. Ultrasonography of the adult thoracic and lumbar spine for central neuraxial blockade. Anesthesiology 2011;114:1459-85.
- Park SK, Bae J, Yoo S, Kim WH, Lim YJ, Bahk JH, et al. Ultrasound-assisted versus landmark-guided spinal anesthesia in patients with abnormal spinal anatomy: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2020;130:787-95.
- Gupta M, Gupta P. Fluoroscopic-guided paramedian approach to subarachnoid block in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a case series. Indian J Anaesth 2018;62:142-4.
- Kaur M, Aujla KS, Gosal JS. Anesthetic challenges in a patient with severe thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis. Anesth Essays Res 2020;14:170-2.
- Lee A, Loughrey JPR. The role of ultrasonography in obstetric anesthesia. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2017;31:81-90.
- Elsharkawy H, Maheshwari A, Babazade R, Perlas A, Zaky S, Mounir-Soliman L. Real-time ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia in patients with predicted difficult anatomy. Minerva Anestesiol 2017;83:465-73.
- Bowens C, Dobie KH, Devin CJ, Corey JM. An approach to neuraxial anaesthesia for the severely scoliotic spine. Br J Anaesth 2013;111:807-11.
- Creaney M, Mullane D, Casby C, Tan T. Ultrasound to identify the lumbar space in women with impalpable bony landmarks presenting for elective caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia: a randomised trial. Int J Obstet Anesth 2016;28:12-6.
- Li M, Ni X, Xu Z, Shen F, Song Y, Li Q, et al. Ultrasound-assisted technology versus the conventional landmark location method in spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in obese parturients: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2019;129:155-61.