Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

  • Volume 34
  • /
  • Pages.3.1-3.12
  • /
  • 2022
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  • 1225-3618(pISSN)
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  • 2052-4374(eISSN)
The Korean Society of Occupational & Environmental Medicine (대한직업환경의학회)
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Workplace influenza vaccination in private hospital setting: a cost-benefit analysis

  • Mohd. Ab. Hadi Tohiar (Department of Community Medicine, Business of Administration Healthcare Management, School of Medicine, International Medical University Malaysia) ;
  • Safurah Jaafar (Department of Community Medicine, Business of Administration Healthcare Management, School of Medicine, International Medical University Malaysia) ;
  • Azimatun Noor Aizuddin (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) ;
  • Tan Kok Leong (Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, International Medical University Malaysia) ;
  • Azrin Syahida Abdul Rahim (Department of Community Medicine, Business of Administration Healthcare Management, School of Medicine, International Medical University Malaysia)
  • Received : 2021.07.18
  • Accepted : 2021.12.13
  • Published : 2022.12.31
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Abstract

Background: Influenza illness causes several disruptions to the workforce. The absenteeism that often ensues has economic implications for employers. This study aimed to estimate the cost-benefit of influenza vaccination in a healthcare setting from the employer's perspective. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in a private hospital in 2018-2019 comparing voluntary vaccinated with non-vaccinated employees with influenza vaccine. The analyses were made based on self-reporting on absenteeism and presenteeism from Influenza-like illnesses (ILIs). The costs incurred, both direct and indirect costs, were included in the study. A cost-benefit analysis was performed by measuring the cost of the vaccination program. The costs of absenteeism and reduced productivity were calculated using 3 hypothesised levels of effectiveness in the following percentage of productivity of 30%, 50%, and 70%. The costs were also calculated based on four scenarios: with and without operating income and with and without replacement. The benefits of the influenza vaccination from the employer's perspective were analysed. The benefit to cost ratio was determined. Results: A total of four hundred and twenty-one respondents participated. The influenza vaccination rate was 63.0%. The rate of ILI of 38.1% was significantly lower among vaccinated. The ILI-related absenteeism reported was also significantly lower amongst vaccinated employees at 30% compared to 70% non-vaccinated. Employers could save up to USD 18.95 per vaccinated employee when only labour cost was included or 54.0% of cost savings. The cost-saving rose to USD 155.56 when the operating income per employee was also included. The benefit to cost ratio confirmed that the net cost-benefit gained from the vaccination was more than the net cost of vaccination. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination for working adults was cost-saving and cost-beneficial when translated into financial investments for the employer. A workplace vaccination demonstrates a significant cost-benefit strategy to be applied in any institutional setting.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was funded by the International Medical University grant reference number: MBAHM I/2019(03).

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