자원환경지질 (Economic and Environmental Geology)

  • 제55권4호
  • /
  • Pages.317-338
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 1225-7281(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-7962(eISSN)
대한자원환경지질학회 (The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

일제강점기 조선통감부 건축재료의 물리화학적 특성과 평가

Evaluation and Physicochemical Property for Building Materials from the Japanese Ministry of General Affairs in Joseon Dynasty

  • 박석태 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과) ;
  • 이정은 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과) ;
  • 이찬희 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과)
  • Park, Seok Tae (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Jeongeun (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Chan Hee (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University)
  • 투고 : 2022.08.06
  • 심사 : 2022.08.18
  • 발행 : 2022.08.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

근대건축으로 알려진 조선통감부 자리의 콘크리트와 토관 및 벽돌을 대상으로 3시기로 세분하여 물리화학적 특성과 평가를 검토하였다. 콘크리트는 모두 비슷한 가비중과 흡수율을 보였으며 다량의 골재와 석영, 장석, 방해석 및 포틀란다이트가 검출되었다. 벽돌의 공극률은 1907년의 것이 1910년 및 1950년 벽돌보다 높았다. 토관도 유사하나 초기의 것이 보다 치밀한 것으로 나타났다. 벽돌과 토관은 암적색에서 암갈색을 띠며 많은 균열과 기공이 관찰되나, 상대적으로 토관의 기질이 균질하다. 벽돌에서는 석영, 장석 및 적철석이 검출되었으며, 토관에서는 석영 및 장석과 뮬라이트가 확인되는 것으로 보아, 모두 1,000~1,100℃의 소성온도를 거친 것으로 해석된다. 콘크리트는 유사한 CaO 함량을 보이나, 벽돌과 토관은 1907년 시료에서 SiO2는 낮고 Al2O3가 높다. 그러나 이들은 유사한 지구화학적 거동특성을 갖는 등 성인적 동질성이 높다. 콘크리트 기초의 초음파속도와 반발경도는 잔존상태에 따라 다르나 물성은 다소 낮았다. 이를 일축압축강도로 환산하면 1차 증축구역이 평균 45.30 및 46.33 kgf/cm2로 가장 높고, 2차 증축구역이 가장 낮은 평균치(20.05 및 24.76 kgf/cm2)를 보였다. 특히 CaO 함량과 흡수율이 작을수록 초음파속도와 반발경도가 높았다. 조선통감부 건축에 활용한 콘크리트는 시기별로 비슷한 배합특성과 비교적 일정한 규격이 있었던 것으로 보인다. 벽돌과 토관은 거의 동일한 점토질 원료를 사용하여 유사한 제작과정을 거친 것으로 해석된다.

Physicochemical characteristics and evaluation were studied by subdividing the concretes, bricks and earth pipes on the site of the Japanese Ministry of General Affairs in Joseon Dynasty, known as modern architecture, into three periods. Concretes showed similar specific gravity and absorption ratio, and large amounts of aggregates, quartz, feldspar, calcite and portlandite were detected. Porosity of the 1907 bricks were higher than those of 1910 and 1950 bricks. All earthen pipe is similar, but the earlier one was found to be more dense. Bricks and earthen pipes are dark red to brown in color within many cracks and pores, but the matrix of the earthen pipe is relatively homogeneous. Quartz, feldspar and hematite are detected in bricks, and mullite is confirmed with quartz and feldspar in earthen pipes, so it is interpreted that the materials have a firing temperature about 1,000 to 1,100℃. Concretes showed similar CaO content, but brick and earthen pipe had low SiO2 and high Al2O3 in the 1907 specimen. However, the materials have high genetic homogeneity based on similar geochemical behaviors. Ultrasonic velocity and rebound hardness of the concrete foundation differed due to the residual state, but indicated relatively weak physical properties. Converting the unconfined compressive strength, the 1st extended area had the highest mean values of 45.30 and 46.33 kgf/cm2, and the 2nd extended area showed the lowest mean values (20.05 and 24.76 kgf/cm2). In particular, the low CaO content and absorption ratio, the higher ultrasonic velocity and rebound hardness. It seems that the concrete used in the constructions of the Japanese Ministry of General Affairs in Joseon Dynasty had similar mixing characteristics and relatively constant specifications for each year. It is interpreted that the bricks and earthen pipes were through a similar manufacturing process using almost the same raw materials.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Cho, H.S. and Kim, C.D. (2010) A study on the formation of the 'Jeokbyeokdol (red brick)' in modern Korea. Journal of Architectural History, v.19(6), p.99-120. (in Korean with English abstract) UCI: G704-000749.2010.19.6.009
  2. Govindaraju, K. (1989) Compilation of working values and samples description for 272 geostandards. Geostandards Newsletter, v.13, p.1-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-908x.1989.tb00476.x
  3. Hangang Institute of Cultural Heritage (2019) Summary Report on the 3rd Academic Advisory Meeting to the Excavation of Historic Sites in the Reconstruction Project of the Seoul Animation Center. p.1-33. (in Korean)
  4. Jang, S.Y. and Lee, C.H. (2014) Mineralogical study on interpretation of firing temperature of ancient bricks: Focused on the bricks from the Songsanri tomb complex. Journal of Conservation Science, v.30(4), p.395-407. (in Korean with English abstract) doi: 10.12654/jcs.2014.30.4.08
  5. Joo, S.H. (2012) Development of the Daehakro district with the establishment of Kyungseong's Governmental Schools under the Japanese Rule. The Journal of Seoul Studies, v.46, p.148-151. (in Korean with English abstract)
  6. Jo, Y.H. and Lee, C.H. (2015) A study on selection of ultrasonic transducer and contact material for surface irregularities of stone cultural heritage. Journal of Conservation Science, v.31, p.267-278. (in Korean with English abstract) doi: 10.12654/jcs.2015.31.3.07
  7. Jo, Y.H., Lee, S.M. and Lee, C.H. (2018) Material characteristics and building technique for the rammed earth wall of the 13th Korean fortress in Ganghwa. Environmental Earth Sciences, v.77(17), p.1-15. doi: 10.1007/s12665-018-7792-9
  8. Ju, M., Park, K. and Oh, H. (2017) Estimation of compressive strength of high strength concrete using non-destructive technique and concrete core strength. Applied Sciences, v.7(12), p.1249, doi: 10.3390/app7121249
  9. Kaga, S. (1983) Historical consideration on quality control of concrete. Concrete Journal of Japan Concrete Institute, v.21(7), p.12-19. (in Japanese) doi: 10.3151/coj1975.21.7_12
  10. Kang, S.H. and Chung, L. (2009) History and development of concrete. Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute, v.21(3), p.44-53. (in Korean) doi: 10.22636/MKCI.2009.21.3.44
  11. Kang, S.H., Kim, D.W., Lee, C.H. and Kim, H.M. (2016) Composition and strength characteristics of concrete foundation for affiliated ward in Seoul Daehan Uiwon (General Hospital). Journal of Conservation Science, v.32(3), p.299-312. (in Korean with English abstract) doi: 10.12654/jcs.2016.32.3.01
  12. Kang, S.H. and Lee, C.H. (2018) Interpretation of material characteristics and making techniques for lime-soil mixture on tomb barrier of Pyeongtaek Gungri site in Joseon Dynasty. Economic and Environmental Geology, v.51, p.49-65. (in Korean with English abstract) doi: 10.9719/EEG.2018.51.1.49
  13. Kim, C.D. (1999) Walking in Japan 2. -Searching for the Scene of Korean Modern History in Japan. Hanyang Publishing Co., p.33-56. (in Korean)
  14. Kim, D.S. (2003) Taiheiyo cement Co. research and development center. Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute, v.15(5), p.79-81. (in Korean)
  15. Kim, J.H. (2005) A study on geology and landform development in Mt. Namsan, Seoul. Korean Journal of Nature Conservation, v.3(1), p.143-162. (in Korean with English abstract) doi: 10.30960/kjnc.2005.3.1.143
  16. Kim, J.H., Kim, C.D., Kim, T.N. and Kim, T.W. (2005) A study on the analysis of lime mortar composition for the preservation of Myung Dong Cathedral Church -Focused on the east brick wall. Journal of Architectural History, v.14(2), p.89-101. (in Korean with English abstract) UCI: G704-000749.2005.14.2.007
  17. Kim, J.Y., Ha, E.Y., Lee, M.S. and Lee, C.H. (2012) Material analysis and deterioration evaluation of foundation stones and holy stone selics in Myeongdongseongdang Cathedral, Korea. Journal of Conservation Science, v.28(4), p.305-319. (in Korean with English abstract) doi: 10.12654/jcs.2012.28.4.305
  18. Kim, M.H., Choi, S.J., Kang, S.P., Kim, J.H. and Jang, J.H. (2002) A study on the application of non-destructive testing equation for the estimation of compressive strength of high strength concrete. Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction, v.2(3), v.123-130. (in Korean with English abstract) doi: 10.5345/jkic.2002.2.3.123
  19. Kim, R.H., Lee, C.H. and Shin, S.J. (2017) Classifications by materials and physical characteristics for Neolithic pottery from Jungsandong site in Yeongjong island, Korea. Korean Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies, v.50(4), p.122-147. (in Korean with English abstract) doi: 10.22755/kjchs.2017.50.4.122
  20. Lee, C.H., Jin, H.J., Choi, J.S. and Na, K.J. (2016) Interpretation on making techniques of some ancient ceramic artifacts from midwestern Korean peninsula: Preliminary study. Journal of Conservation Science, v.32(2), p.273-291. (in Korean with English abstract) doi: 10.12654/jcs.2016.32.2.15
  21. Lee, C.H. and Jo, Y.H. (2016) Stone heritage of the Republic of Korea. In: Kato, H., Reedman, A., Shimazaki, Y., Uchida, T., Ngoc, N.T.M., Surinkum, A. (eds), Stone Heritage of East and Southeast Asia, CCOP, p.79-103.
  22. Lee, C.H. and Jo, Y.H. (2017) Correlation and correction factor between direct and indirect methods for the ultrasonic measurement of stone samples. Environmental Earth Science, v.76, p.477-489. doi: 10.1007/s12665-017-6810-7
  23. Lee, C.H., Jo, Y.H. and Chun, Y.G. (2009) Establishment of ultrasonic measurement and correlations of direct-indirect method for weathering evaluation of stone cultural heritage. Journal of Conservation Science, v.25, p.233-244. (in Korean with English abstract)
  24. Lee, C.H. and Kang, S.H. (2018) Evaluation of physical properties and strength interpretation for lime-soil mixture on barrier tomb of Pyeongtaek Gungri site in Joseon Dynasty. Journal of Conservation Science, v.34(2), p.97-106. (in Korean with English abstract) doi: 10.12654/jcs.2018.34.2.04
  25. Lee, C.H., Kim, R.H. and Shin, S.C. (2018) Interpretation of the manufacturing characteristics and the mineral and chemical composition of Neolithic pottery excavated from the Jungsandong site, Yeongjong island, South Korea. Korean Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies, v.51(1), p.4-31. (in Korean with English abstract) doi: 10.22755/kjchs.2018.51.1.4
  26. Lee, S.W. (2010) Governor's Residence of Japanese Internal Affairs and Communications in Joseon Dynasty, the forgotten scene of National Shame (Gyeongsul Gukchi). Haneuljae Publishing Co., p.45-46. (in Korean)
  27. Lee, C.Y., Ahn, J.C., Song, J.M., Kang, B.H. and Kim, K.S. (2012) A study on the properties of mix design for cementitious material used in modern architecture. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Building Construction, v.12(2), p.215-216. (in Korean English abstract)
  28. Mutel, G.C.M. (2002) Myeongdong Catholic Church, Diary of Bishop Mutel. The Research Foundation of Korean Church History, p.428. (in Korean)
  29. National Institute of Agricultural Science (2022) http://soil.rda.go.kr
  30. Nockolds, S.R. (1954) Average chemical compositions of some igneous rocks. Geological Society of American Bulletin, v.65, p.1007-1032. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1954)65[1007:accosi]2.0.co;2
  31. Park, J.H., Lee, G.H. and Lee, C.H. (2019) Consideration for historical application of augen gneiss and petrographic characteristics for rock properties of Donghachong tomb from Royal Tombs of Neungsanri in Buyeo, Korea. Economic and Environmental Geology, v.52(1), p.91-106. (in Korean with English abstract) doi: 10.9719/EEG.2019.52.1.91
  32. Pearce, J.A. (1983) Role of sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margines. In Hawkesworth, C.J. and Norry, M.J. (eds.), Continental basalts and mantle xenolith, Shiva, p.230-249.
  33. Seoul History Compilation Committee (2009) Seoul Geographical Dictionary. p.635. (in Korean)
  34. Son, Y.S., Ahn, J.C., Kim, K.S. and Kang, B.H. (2010) A study on the property of clay brick used in modern architecture. Proceedings of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea, p.371-374. (in Korean with English abstract)
  35. Taylor, S.R. and McLennan, S.M. (1985) The continental crust: Its composition and evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, p.312. doi: 10.1017/S0016756800032167
  36. Whitehurst, E.A. (1966) Evaluation of concrete properties from sonic test. American Concrete Institute Monograph Series, v.2, p.1-94.
  37. Yi, J.E. (2010) Material characteristics and interpretation of weathering mechanism for bricks used in the masonry modern cultural heritage, Korea. Ph.D. Thesis, Kongju National University, p.350. (in Korean with English abstract)