Analyses & Alternatives (분석과 대안)

Korea Consensus Institute(KCI) (사단법인 코리아컨센서스연구원)
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Crisis of trust of journalism in France: Cracks in journalistic institutions and professionalism, and the impact of social movement

프랑스 언론의 신뢰도 위기: 저널리즘 제도의 내적 균열과 사회운동의 영향

  • Received : 2022.06.15
  • Accepted : 2022.07.12
  • Published : 2022.07.31
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Abstract

This study examines the crisis of trust of French journalism in the context of a global decline of media credibility. First of all, in the process of a huge social movement called the 'yellow vest' movement that started in 2018, distrust of the French journalism was expressed in an extreme form. This study examines some external factors in terms of the historical development of the French journalism and the public's long-standing 'criticism of journalism'. Specifically, this study first examines the quantitative indicators of trust of French journalism which were shown in Digital News Report published by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Next, it examines the historical and institutional formation process of French journalism and public distrust that emerged along with it. And specifically, the structural crisis-economic crisis, digital transformation and intensification of competition, and deterioration of quality problems etc.-of the French journalism exposed in media coverage on social movement in 2018 is review in relation with the working process or 'routine' of actual news production. In conclusion, this study asserts that the various aspects of internal rifts in French journalism system, as well as external shocks (the influence of social movements), are a key factor in explaining the recent decline of trust in French journalism.

이 연구는 전 세계적인 언론의 신뢰도 하락이라는 상황에서, 한국 언론과 유사한 형태로 심각한 신뢰 위기를 겪고 있는 프랑스 언론에 대하여 고찰한다. 2018년부터 시작된 '노란 조끼' 운동이라는 거대한 사회운동의 과정에서 프랑스 언론에 대한 불신은 극단적인 형태로 표출되었다. 이 연구는 이를 프랑스 언론의 역사적 발전 과정, 그리고 이에 대한 대중들의 오랜 '언론에 대한 비판'의 구조라는 측면과 결합하여 살펴본다. 구체적으로 이 연구는 로이터 저널리즘 연구소에서 간행한 <디지털 뉴스 리포트>에 나타난 프랑스 언론의 신뢰도의 양적 지표를 먼저 살펴본다. 이어 프랑스 저널리즘의 역사적·제도적 형성 과정 및 이에 발맞추어 등장한 대중적 불신의 경로를 검토해 본다. 그리고 2018년 사회운동에 대한 보도 과정에서 노출된 프랑스 언론의 구조적 위기 - 경제적 위기, 디지털 전환과 경쟁 심화, 퀄리티 저하 - 가 실제 뉴스 생산의 작업 과정에 미친 영향 문제를 검토한다. 결론적으로 이 연구는 프랑스 언론을 향한 외적 충격(사회운동의 영향) 못지 않게, 저널리즘 제도 내부적인 균열의 다양한 양상들이 최근 프랑스 언론의 신뢰도 추락을 설명하는 핵심적인 요인임을 주장한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2021학년도 홍익대학교 학술연구진흥비에 의하여 지원되었음.

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