DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection

  • Son, Joohyung (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital) ;
  • Shin, Changwon (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital)
  • 투고 : 2022.07.11
  • 심사 : 2022.07.18
  • 발행 : 2022.08.05

초록

Globally, thousands of patients undergo lung transplantation owing to end-stage lung disease each year. As lung transplantation evolves, recommendations and indications are constantly being updated. In 2021, the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation published a new consensus document for selecting candidates for lung transplantation. However, it is still difficult to determine appropriate candidates for lung transplantation among patients with complex medical conditions and various diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze each patient's overall situation and medical condition from various perspectives, and ongoing efforts to optimize the analysis will be necessary. The purpose of this study is to review the extant literature and discuss recent updates.

키워드

과제정보

This study was supported by a 2022 research grant from Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital.

참고문헌

  1. Chambers DC, Cherikh WS, Harhay MO, et al. The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: thirty-sixth adult lung and heartlung transplantation report-2019; focus theme: donor and recipient size match. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019;38:1042-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2019.08.001
  2. Chambers DC, Perch M, Zuckermann A, et al. The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: thirty-eighth adult lung transplantation report - 2021; focus on recipient characteristics. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021;40:1060-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2021.07.021
  3. Leard LE, Holm AM, Valapour M, et al. Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: an update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021;40:1349-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2021.07.005
  4. Lehr CJ, Blackstone EH, McCurry KR, Thuita L, Tsuang WM, Valapour M. Extremes of age decrease survival in adults after lung transplant. Chest 2020;157:907-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2019.06.042
  5. Hayanga AJ, Aboagye JK, Hayanga HE, et al. Contemporary analysis of early outcomes after lung transplantation in the elderly using a national registry. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015;34:182-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2014.09.028
  6. Al-Adra DP, Hammel L, Roberts J, et al. Pretransplant solid organ malignancy and organ transplant candidacy: a consensus expert opinion statement. Am J Transplant 2021;21:460-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16318
  7. Al-Adra DP, Hammel L, Roberts J, et al. Preexisting melanoma and hematological malignancies, prognosis, and timing to solid organ transplantation: a consensus expert opinion statement. Am J Transplant 2021;21:475-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16324
  8. Souza SM, Nakasato M, Bruno ML, Macedo A. Nutritional profile of lung transplant candidates. J Bras Pneumol 2009;35:242-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132009000300008
  9. Upala S, Panichsillapakit T, Wijarnpreecha K, Jaruvongvanich V, Sanguankeo A. Underweight and obesity increase the risk of mortality after lung transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transpl Int 2016;29:285-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/tri.12721
  10. Jomphe V, Mailhot G, Damphousse V, et al. The impact of waiting list BMI changes on the short-term outcomes of lung transplantation. Transplantation 2018;102:318-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000001919
  11. Singer JP, Peterson ER, Snyder ME, et al. Body composition and mortality after adult lung transplantation in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;190:1012-21. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201405-0973OC
  12. Plochl W, Pezawas L, Artemiou O, Grimm M, Klepetko W, Hiesmayr M. Nutritional status, ICU duration and ICU mortality in lung transplant recipients. Intensive Care Med 1996;22:1179-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01709333
  13. Ramos KJ, Kapnadak SG, Bradford MC, et al. Underweight patients with cystic fibrosis have acceptable survival following lung transplantation: a United Network for Organ Sharing Registry Study. Chest 2020;157:898-906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2019.11.043
  14. Woll F, Mohanka M, Bollineni S, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of lung transplant candidates with preexisting renal dysfunction. Transplant Proc 2020;52:302-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.10.032
  15. Banga A, Mohanka M, Mullins J, et al. Characteristics and outcomes among patients with need for early dialysis after lung transplantation surgery. Clin Transplant 2017;31:e13106. https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.13106
  16. Degen DA, Janardan J, Barraclough KA, et al. Predictive performance of different kidney function estimation equations in lung transplant patients. Clin Biochem 2017;50:385-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.01.008
  17. Sherman W, Rabkin DG, Ross D, et al. Lung transplantation and coronary artery disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2011;92:303-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.04.021
  18. Halloran K, Hirji A, Li D, et al. Coronary artery disease and coronary artery bypass grafting at the time of lung transplantation do not impact overall survival. Transplantation 2019;103:2190-5. https://doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000002609
  19. Khandhar SJ, Althouse AD, Mulukutla S, et al. Postoperative outcomes and management strategies for coronary artery disease in patients in need of a lung transplantation. Clin Transplant 2017;31:e13026. https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.13026
  20. Chaikriangkrai K, Jyothula S, Jhun HY, et al. Impact of pre-operative coronary artery disease on cardiovascular events following lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016;35:115-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2015.08.009
  21. Shah N, Force SD, Mitchell PO, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is associated with an increased rate of acute rejection in lung transplant allografts. Transplant Proc 2010;42:2702-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.05.155
  22. Murthy SC, Nowicki ER, Mason DP, et al. Pretransplant gastroesophageal reflux compromises early outcomes after lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;142:47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.04.028
  23. Blondeau K, Mertens V, Vanaudenaerde BA, et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux and gastric aspiration in lung transplant patients with or without chronic rejection. Eur Respir J 2008;31:707-13. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00064807
  24. Davis RD Jr, Lau CL, Eubanks S, et al. Improved lung allograft function after fundoplication in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease undergoing lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:533-42. https://doi.org/10.1067/mtc.2003.166
  25. Mason DP, Thuita L, Nowicki ER, Murthy SC, Pettersson GB, Blackstone EH. Should lung transplantation be performed for patients on mechanical respiratory support?: the US experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;139:765-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.09.031
  26. Benazzo A, Schwarz S, Frommlet F, et al. Twenty-year experience with extracorporeal life support as bridge to lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019;157:2515-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.02.048
  27. Hoetzenecker K, Donahoe L, Yeung JC, et al. Extracorporeal life support as a bridge to lung transplantation-experience of a high-volume transplant center. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018;155:1316-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.09.161
  28. Perez AA, Singer JP, Schwartz BS, et al. Management and clinical outcomes after lung transplantation in patients with pre-transplant Mycobacterium abscessus infection: a single center experience. Transpl Infect Dis 2019;21:e13084. https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13084
  29. Sole A, Garcia-Robles AA, Jorda C, et al. Salvage therapy with topical posaconazole in lung transplant recipients with invasive Scedosporium infection. Am J Transplant 2018;18:504-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.14580
  30. Canton-Bulnes ML, Hurtado Martinez A, Lopez-Cerero L, Arenzana Seisdedos A, Merino-Bohorquez V, Garnacho-Montero J. A case of pan-resistant Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteremic pneumonia, after lung transplantation treated with a targeted combination therapy. Transpl Infect Dis 2019;21:e13034. https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13034
  31. Kern RM, Seethamraju H, Blanc PD, et al. The feasibility of lung transplantation in HIV-seropositive patients. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014;11:882-9. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201402-083OC
  32. Alvarez-Lopez P, Riveiro-Barciela M, Oleas-Vega D, et al. Anti-HBc impacts on the risk of hepatitis B reactivation but not on survival of solid-organ transplant recipients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020;99:e19407. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000019407
  33. Verleden SE, Todd JL, Sato M, et al. Impact of CLAD phenotype on survival after lung retransplantation: a multicenter study. Am J Transplant 2015;15:2223-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.13281
  34. Halloran K, Aversa M, Tinckam K, et al. Comprehensive outcomes after lung retransplantation: a single-center review. Clin Transplant 2018;32:e13281. https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.13281
  35. Su JW, Mason DP, Murthy SC, et al. Successful double lung transplantation in 2 patients with severe scoliosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008;27:1262-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2008.07.014
  36. Fukahara K, Minami K, Hansky B, et al. Successful heart-lung transplantation in a patient with kyphoscoliosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2003;22:468-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-2498(02)00489-8
  37. Dobbels F, Vanhaecke J, Dupont L, et al. Pretransplant predictors of posttransplant adherence and clinical outcome: an evidence base for pretransplant psychosocial screening. Transplantation 2009;87:1497-504. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3181a440ae
  38. Kuntz K, Weinland SR, Butt Z. Psychosocial challenges in solid organ transplantation. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2015;22:122-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-015-9435-6
  39. Dew MA, Rosenberger EM, Myaskovsky L, et al. Depression and anxiety as risk factors for morbidity and mortality after organ transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplantation 2015;100:988-1003. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000000901
  40. Rosenberger EM, DiMartini AF, DeVito Dabbs AJ, et al. Psychiatric predictors of long-term transplant-related outcomes in lung transplant recipients. Transplantation 2016;100:239-47. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000000824
  41. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda. The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: the current state of evidence and recommendations for research. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2017.
  42. Celli BR, Cote CG, Marin JM, et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2004;350:1005-12. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa021322
  43. Balasubramanian A, MacIntyre NR, Henderson RJ, et al. Diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide in assessment of COPD. Chest 2019;156:1111-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2019.06.035
  44. Criner GJ, Delage A, Voelker K, et al. Improving lung function in severe heterogenous Emphysema with the Spiration Valve System (EMPROVE): a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019;200:1354-62. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201902-0383oc
  45. Bavaria JE, Pochettino A, Kotloff RM, et al. Effect of volume reduction on lung transplant timing and selection for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;115:9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(98)70437-4
  46. Inci I, Iskender I, Ehrsam J, et al. Previous lung volume reduction surgery does not negatively affect survival after lung transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018;53:596-602. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezx318
  47. Valapour M, Lehr CJ, Skeans MA, et al. OPTN/SRTR 2017 annual data report: lung. Am J Transplant 2019;19 Suppl 2:404-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15279
  48. Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, et al. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:788-824. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2009-040GL
  49. Amano M, Izumi C, Baba M, et al. Progression of right ventricular dysfunction and predictors of mortality in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. J Cardiol 2020;75:242-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.08.010
  50. Jacob J, Bartholmai BJ, Rajagopalan S, et al. Predicting outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using automated computed tomographic analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018;198:767-76. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201711-2174oc
  51. Newton CA, Batra K, Torrealba J, et al. Telomere-related lung fibrosis is diagnostically heterogeneous but uniformly progressive. Eur Respir J 2016;48:1710-20. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00308-2016
  52. Kishaba T, McGill R, Nei Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of dermatomyosits/polymyositis associated interstitial lung disease according to the autoantibody. J Med Invest 2018;65:251-7. https://doi.org/10.2152/jmi.65.251
  53. Delanote I, Wuyts WA, Yserbyt J, Verbeken EK, Verleden GM, Vos R. Safety and efficacy of bridging to lung transplantation with antifibrotic drugs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a case series. BMC Pulm Med 2016;16:156. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0308-z
  54. Titman A, Rogers CA, Bonser RS, Banner NR, Sharples LD. Disease-specific survival benefit of lung transplantation in adults: a national cohort study. Am J Transplant 2009;9:1640-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02613.x
  55. Ramos KJ, Quon BS, Heltshe SL, et al. Heterogeneity in survival in adult patients with cystic fibrosis with FEV1 < 30% of predicted in the United States. Chest 2017;151:1320-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.01.019
  56. Morlacchi LC, Greer M, Tudorache I, et al. The burden of sinus disease in cystic fibrosis lung transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2018;20:e12924. https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.12924
  57. Kreider M, Hadjiliadis D, Kotloff RM. Candidate selection, timing of listing, and choice of procedure for lung transplantation. Clin Chest Med 2011;32:199-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2011.02.001
  58. Hayes D Jr, Kopp BT, Tobias JD, et al. Survival in patients with advanced non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis versus cystic fibrosis on the waitlist for lung transplantation. Lung 2015;193:933-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-015-9811-x
  59. Chen H, Shiboski SC, Golden JA, et al. Impact of the lung allocation score on lung transplantation for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;180:468-74. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200810-1603OC
  60. Benza RL, Gomberg-Maitland M, Elliott CG, et al. Predicting survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: the REVEAL Risk Score Calculator 2.0 and comparison with ESC/ERS-based risk assessment strategies. Chest 2019;156:323-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.004
  61. Galie N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J 2016;37:67-119. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv317
  62. Simonneau G, Montani D, Celermajer DS, et al. Haemodynamic definitions and updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2019;53:1801913. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01913-2018
  63. Ando K, Okada Y, Akiba M, et al. Lung transplantation for lymphangioleiomyomatosis in Japan. PLoS One 2016;11:e0146749. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146749
  64. Khawar MU, Yazdani D, Zhu Z, Jandarov R, Dilling DF, Gupta N. Clinical outcomes and survival following lung transplantation in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019;38:949-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2019.06.015
  65. Kurosaki T, Otani S, Miyoshi K, et al. Favorable survival even with high disease-specific complication rates in lymphangioleiomyomatosis after lung transplantation-long-term follow-up of a Japanese center. Clin Respir J 2020;14:116-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.13108
  66. Bharat A, Querrey M, Markov NS, et al. Lung transplantation for patients with severe COVID-19. Sci Transl Med 2020;12:eabe4282. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abe4282
  67. Cypel M, Keshavjee S. When to consider lung transplantation for COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:944-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30393-3
  68. Kon ZN, Dahi S, Evans CF, et al. Long-term venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg 2015;100:2059-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.05.088
  69. Rosenberg AA, Haft JW, Bartlett R, et al. Prolonged duration ECMO for ARDS: futility, native lung recovery, or transplantation? ASAIO J 2013;59:642-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e3182a9e341