DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Design of pseudo-single-stage-type isolated/bidirectional converter for battery formation equipment

  • Received : 2021.10.06
  • Accepted : 2022.02.24
  • Published : 2022.06.20

Abstract

In this study, we propose a method to improve the efficiency of battery formation equipment. The conventional large-capacity isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter and multichannel buck converter structure have low efficiency and power density because of the high-current design. A pseudo-single-stage-type power stage and its design are presented to improve this condition. With the proposed 215 W (5 V/43 A) class prototype, which applies a distributed design method, higher efficiency and power density are achieved compared with those of the existing formation method. Moreover, additional circuits are not needed to reduce noise and ringing voltage because all circuits consist of LLLC+buck converter, which applies a voltage-fed method.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (No. 2019R1F1A1041270) and the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement grant funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (Grant 21HCLP-C162885-01)

References

  1. Yu, S., Nguyen, M.-Z., Choi, W.: A Novel soft-switching battery charge/discharge converter with the zero voltage discharge function. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 31(7), 5067-5078 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2482758
  2. Wolter, M., Fauser, G., Bretthauer, C., Roscher, M.-A.: End-of-line testing and formation process in li-ion battery assembly lines. In: IEEE Int. Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals Devices, pp. 1-3 (2012)
  3. Tao, H., Kotsopoulos, A., Duarte, J.L., Hendrix, M.-A.-M.: Transformer-Coupled Multiport ZVS Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with Wide Input Range. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 23(2), 771-781 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2007.915129
  4. Li, H., Wang, S., Zhang, Z., Tang, J., Ren, X., Chen, Q.: A SiC bidirectional LLC On-board charger. In: IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), pp. 3353-3360 (2019)
  5. Steigerwald, R.-L., De Donker, R.-W., Khelauwala, M.-H.: A comparison of high-power DC-DC soft-switched converter topologies. IEEE Trans. Ind. Applications 32(5), 1139-1145 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1109/28.536876
  6. Lee, W., Kim, J., Lee, J., Lee, I.: Design of an isolated DC/DC topology with high efficiency of over 97[%] for EV fast chargers. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 68(12), 11725-11737 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2949080
  7. Lee, J.-Y.: An isolated Bi-directional DC/DC converter using unregulated LLC resonant converter and its design. EPE J. 21(3), 14-21 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1080/09398368.2011.11463799
  8. Peng, F.-Z., Li, H., Su, G.-J., Lawler, J.-S.: A New ZVS Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell and Battery Application. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 19(1), 54-65 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2003.820550
  9. Averberg, A., Meyer, K.-R., Mertens, A.: Current-fed Full bridge converter for fuel cell systems. In: IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), pp. 866-87 (2008)
  10. Mousavi, A., Das, P., Moschopoulos, G.: ZVS and ZCS DC-DC PWM full-bridge fuel cell converters. In: IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), pp. 564-570 (2010)
  11. Kim, E.-H., Kwon, K.-B.: High step-up resonant push-pull converter with high efficiency. IET Power Electron. 2(1), 79-89 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel:20070140
  12. Zhou, X., Sheng, B., Liu, W., Chen, Y., Yuerk, A., Liu, Y.-F., Sen, P.-C., Lakshmi Varaha lyer, K.: A high efficiency high powerdensity LLC DC-DC converter for electric vehicles (EVs) onboard low voltage DC-DC converter (LDC) application. In: IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), pp. 1339-1346 (2020)
  13. Zhou, A.-A., Yang, B.-X., Tian, C.-M., Wang, D.-N., Wang, E.-L.: Analysis and design of LLC resonant converters operating in reverse mode. In: International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2019-ECCE Asia), pp. 1-6 (2019)
  14. Kuo,, S., Huang, C., Tsai, L., Chiu, H.: Research on symmetrical LLC converter applied to DC transformer. In: IEEE 4th International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC), pp. 1-5 (2019)
  15. McLyman, W.M.T.: Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook. CRC Press (2011)
  16. Lee, I., Moon, G.: Analysis and design of a three-level LLC series resonant converter for high- and wide-input-voltage applications. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 27(6), 2966-2979 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2174381
  17. Lee, I., Cho, S., Moon, G.: Three-level resonant converter with double LLC resonant tanks for high-input-voltage applications. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 59(9), 3450-3463 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2011.2170397
  18. Shin, T.-W., Kang, J.-H., Choi, S.-W., Lee, I.-O., Lee, J.-Y., Hong, S.-S.: Single-stage Bi-directional battery charger. In: KIPE Annual Conference, pp. 310-311 (2020)