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천연가스-디젤 혼소 엔진의 50% 부하 조건에서 제동효율 및 연소안정성 개선을 위한 디젤 분무 특성 평가

Investigation on Diesel Injection Characteristics of Natural Gas-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine for Stable Combustion and Efficiency Improvement Under 50% Load Condition

  • 오세철 (한국기계연구원 그린동력연구실) ;
  • 오준호 (전북대학교 기계시스템공학부) ;
  • 장형준 (한국기계연구원 그린동력연구실) ;
  • 이정우 (전북대학교 기계시스템공학부) ;
  • 이석환 (한국기계연구원 그린동력연구실) ;
  • 이선엽 (한국기계연구원 그린동력연구실) ;
  • 김창기 (한국기계연구원 그린동력연구실)
  • Oh, Sechul (Dept. of Engine Research, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials) ;
  • Oh, Junho (Dept. of Mechanical System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Jang, Hyungjun (Dept. of Engine Research, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials) ;
  • Lee, Jeongwoo (Dept. of Mechanical System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Seokhwan (Dept. of Engine Research, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials) ;
  • Lee, Sunyoup (Dept. of Engine Research, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials) ;
  • Kim, Changgi (Dept. of Engine Research, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials)
  • 투고 : 2022.04.11
  • 심사 : 2022.04.28
  • 발행 : 2022.06.30

초록

디젤엔진의 배출물 개선을 위해 탄소수가 낮은 천연가스를 혼합하여 사용하는 천연가스-디젤 혼소 연소가 각광받고 있다. 특히 자발화 특성에 차이가 있는 디젤과 천연가스의 특성을 이용한 반응성 제어 압축착화(reactivity controlled compression ignition, RCCI) 연소 전략을 통해 기존 디젤엔진의 효율과 배출가스를 동시에 개선시키는 연구가 활발하게 진행되어 왔다. 상사점보다 앞당겨진 디젤 직접 분사시기 적용을 통해 실린더 전체 영역의 균일 혼합기를 형성하여 전체적으로 희박한 자발화 기반 연소를 달성함으로써 질소산화물 (NOx) 및 입자상물질 (PM) 저감과 제동열효율 개선을 동시에 달성할 수 있다. 하지만 매우 희박한 저부하 영역에서 불완전 연소량이 증가하는 단점이 존재하며, 안정적인 연소 구현을 위해 디젤 분사시기가 민감하게 제어되어야 하는 어려움도 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 앞서 언급된 저부하 영역에서의 천연가스-디젤 혼소 엔진의 효율 및 배기 개선을 확인하고, 동시에 발전용 엔진 구동 영역에서 디젤 분사시기에 따른 연소안정성을 평가하였다. 실험에는 6 L급 상용디젤 엔진이 사용되었으며, 1,800 rpm, 50% 부하 영역 (~50 kW)에서 실험이 진행되었다. 제동효율 및 연소안정성을 개선하기 위한 전략으로 분무 패턴이 다른 2개의 인젝터를 적용하였으며, 천연가스/디젤 비율과 디젤 분사시기를 바꿔가면서 실험이 진행되었다. 실험 결과, 협각 분사가 추가된 수정 인젝터에서 제동 열효율이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 연소안정성 및 출력, 그리고 강화된 배기 규제를 고려하였을 때 수정 인젝터의 분무 패턴이 예혼합연소 형성에 적합하였고 이를 통해 질소산화물 배출량을 Tier-V 기준치인 0.4 g/kWh 이하로 저감함으로써 RCCI 연소 가능 영역을 확장할 수 있음을 실험적으로 확인하였다.

In order to improve the emission of diesel engines, natural gas-diesel dual fuel combustion compression ignition engines are in the spotlight. In particular, a reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion strategy is investigated comprehensively due to its possibility to improve both efficiency and emissions. With advanced diesel direct injection timing earlier than TDC, it achieves spontaneous reaction with overall lean mixture from a homogeneous mixture in the entire cylinder area, reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) and improving braking heat efficiency at the same time. However, there is a disadvantage in that the amount of incomplete combustion increases in a low load region with a relatively small amount of fuel-air. To solve this, sensitive control according to the diesel injection timing and fuel ratio is required. In this study, experiments were conducted to improve efficiency and exhaust emissions of the natural gas-diesel dual fuel engine at low load, and evaluate combustion stability according to the diesel injection timing at the operation point for power generation. A 6 L-class commercial diesel engine was used for the experiment which was conducted under a 50% load range (~50 kW) at 1,800 rpm. Two injectors with different spray patterns were applied to the experiment, and the fraction of natural gas and diesel injection timing were selected as main parameters. Based on the experimental results, it was confirmed that the brake thermal efficiency increased by up to 1.3%p in the modified injector with the narrow-angle injection added. In addition, the spray pattern of the modified injector was suitable for premixed combustion, increasing operable range in consideration of combustion instability, torque reduction, and emissions level under Tier-V level (0.4 g/kWh for NOx).

키워드

과제정보

본 연구는 한국기계연구원 주요사업 중 "셰일가스지상플랜트 청정 모듈화 및 천연가스 활용 기술개발" 과제의 연구비 지원으로 수행되었습니다. 또한 본 연구는 2022년 해양수산부 재원으로 해양수산과학기술진흥원의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(과제명: 2,100 마력급 LNG-암모니아 혼소 엔진 개발)을 밝힙니다. 실험 진행에 많은 도움을 주신 트리버스 관계자 분들에게 감사의 인사를 드립니다.

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