Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain

Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine (대한안면통증구강내과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Deepening the Understanding of Somatization in TMD Pain: A Topical Review

  • Kim, Hye-Kyoung (Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Dankook University College of Dentistry) ;
  • Kim, Mee-Eun (Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Dankook University College of Dentistry)
  • Received : 2022.05.19
  • Accepted : 2022.06.09
  • Published : 2022.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

An association between psychological factors and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been extensively explored for over 40 years, and a high prevalence of depression and somatization has been consistently reported in patients with TMD. Current evidence suggests that patients' somatic awareness can serve as a primer for TMD incidence and further contribute to the transition to chronic pain. However, the current understanding of somatization from a medical perspective is limited. The best way to address patients with TMD pain who have somatization is also unclear. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of somatization in the context of pain psychology and address its clinical implications in the context of TMD pain.

Keywords

References

  1. De La Torre Canales G, Camara-Souza MB, Munoz Lora VRM, et al. Prevalence of psychosocial impairment in temporomandibular disorder patients: a systematic review. J Oral Rehabil 2018;45:881-889. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12685
  2. Engel GL. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2012;40:377-396. https://doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2012.40.3.377
  3. Dworkin SF, LeResche L. Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique. J Craniomandib Disord 1992;6:301-355.
  4. Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E, et al. Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network* and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group†. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2014;28:6-27. https://doi.org/10.11607/jop.1151
  5. Ohrbach R, Dworkin SF. The evolution of TMD diagnosis: past, present, future. J Dent Res 2016;95:1093-1101. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516653922
  6. Maixner W, Diatchenko L, Dubner R, et al. Orofacial pain prospective evaluation and risk assessment study--the OPPERA study. J Pain 2011;12(11 Suppl):T4-T11.e1-e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.08.002
  7. Slade GD, Ohrbach R, Greenspan JD, et al. Painful temporomandibular disorder: decade of discovery from OPPERA studies. J Dent Res 2016;95:1084-1092. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516653743
  8. Fillingim RB, Ohrbach R, Greenspan JD, et al. Potential psychosocial risk factors for chronic TMD: descriptive data and empirically identified domains from the OPPERA case-control study. J Pain 2011;12(11 Suppl):T46-T60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.08.007
  9. Fillingim RB, Ohrbach R, Greenspan JD, et al. Psychological factors associated with development of TMD: the OPPERA prospective cohort study. J Pain 2013;14(12 Suppl):T75-T90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2013.06.009
  10. Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Winocur E, Guarda-Nardini L, Lobbezoo F. Correlation of RDC/TMD axis I diagnoses and axis II pain-related disability. A multicenter study. Clin Oral Investig 2011;15:749-756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-010-0444-4
  11. Stone J, Wojcik W, Durrance D, et al. What should we say to patients with symptoms unexplained by disease? The "number needed to offend". BMJ 2002;325:1449-1450. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7378.1449
  12. Lipowski ZJ. Somatization: the concept and its clinical application. Am J Psychiatry 1988;145:1358-1368. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.11.1358
  13. Lipowski ZJ. Somatization: a borderland between medicine and psychiatry. CMAJ 1986;135:609-614.
  14. Galli S, Tatu L, Bogousslavsky J, Aybek S. Conversion, factitious disorder and malingering: a distinct pattern or a continuum? Front Neurol Neurosci 2018;42:72-80. https://doi.org/10.1159/000475699
  15. Mayou R, Kirmayer LJ, Simon G, Kroenke K, Sharpe M. Somatoform disorders: time for a new approach in DSM-V. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:847-855. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.5.847
  16. Kirmayer LJ. Culture, affect and somatization: part I. Transcult Psychiatr Res Rev 1984;21:159-188. https://doi.org/10.1177/136346158402100301
  17. Ghanizadeh A, Firoozabadi A. A review of somatoform disorders in DSM-IV and somatic symptom disorders in proposed DSM-V. Psychiatr Danub 2012;24:353-358.
  18. American Psychiatric Association Division of Research. Highlights of changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5: somatic symptom and related disorders. FOCUS 2013;11:525-527. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.11.4.525
  19. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
  20. Landa A, Peterson BS, Fallon BA. Somatoform pain: a developmental theory and translational research review. Psychosom Med 2012;74:717-727. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182688e8b
  21. Gundel H, Valet M, Sorg C, et al. Altered cerebral response to noxious heat stimulation in patients with somatoform pain disorder. Pain 2008;137:413-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.003
  22. Giesecke T, Gracely RH, Grant MA, et al. Evidence of augmented central pain processing in idiopathic chronic low back pain. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:613-623. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20063
  23. Gracely RH, Petzke F, Wolf JM, Clauw DJ. Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of augmented pain processing in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:1333-1343. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.10225
  24. Moles A, Kieffer BL, D'Amato FR. Deficit in attachment behavior in mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene. Science 2004;304:1983-1986. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095943
  25. Limer KL, Nicholl BI, Thomson W, McBeth J. Exploring the genetic susceptibility of chronic widespread pain: the tender points in genetic association studies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008;47:572-577. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/ken027
  26. Ohrbach R, Durham J. Biopsychosocial aspects of orofacial pain. In: Farah C, Balasubramaniam R, McCullough M, eds. Contemporary oral medicine. Cham: Springer; 2017. pp. 1-21.
  27. Derogatis LR. SCL-90-R: administration, scoring & procedures manual-II. Towson: Clinic Psychometric Research; 1983. pp. 14-15.
  28. Melis M, Zawawi KH. Occlusal dysesthesia: a topical narrative review. J Oral Rehabil 2015;42:779-785. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12309
  29. Imhoff B, Ahlers MO, Hugger A, et al. Occlusal dysesthesia- a clinical guideline. J Oral Rehabil 2020;47:651-658. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12950
  30. Hara ES, Matsuka Y, Minakuchi H, Clark GT, Kuboki T. Occlusal dysesthesia: a qualitative systematic review of the epidemiology, aetiology and management. J Oral Rehabil 2012;39:630-638. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2012.02300.x
  31. Reeves JL 2nd, Merrill RL. Diagnostic and treatment challenges in occlusal dysesthesia. J Calif Dent Assoc 2007;35:198-207.
  32. Baad-Hansen L, Pigg M, Ivanovic SE, et al. Intraoral somatosensory abnormalities in patients with atypical odontalgia--a controlled multicenter quantitative sensory testing study. Pain 2013;154:1287-1294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.04.005
  33. Malacarne A, Spierings ELH, Lu C, Maloney GE. Persistent dentoalveolar pain disorder: a comprehensive review. J Endod 2018;44:206-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.09.009
  34. Herrero Babiloni A, Nixdorf DR, Moana-Filho EJ. Persistent dentoalveolar pain disorder: a putative intraoral chronic overlapping pain condition. Oral Dis 2020;26:1601-1609. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13248
  35. McBeth J, Macfarlane GJ, Benjamin S, Silman AJ. Features of somatization predict the onset of chronic widespread pain: results of a large population-based study. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:940-946. https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200104)44:4<940::AID-ANR151>3.0.CO;2-S
  36. Mayou R, Bass C, Sharpe M. Overview of epidemiology, classification, and aetiology. In: Mayou R, Bass C, Sharpe M, eds. Treatment of functional somatic symptoms. London: Oxford University Press; 1995. pp. 42-65.
  37. Sayar K, Ak I. The predictors of somatization: a review. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol 2001;11:266-271.
  38. Craig AD. How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002;3:655-666. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn894
  39. Themessl-Huber M. Weak evidence supports the use of psychosocial interventions for chronic orofacial pain. Evid Based Dent 2012;13:58. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400865
  40. Barker S, Urbanek M, Penlington C. Psychological interventions for persistent orofacial pain. Prim Dent J 2019;7:30-35.
  41. Aggarwal VR, Lovell K, Peters S, Javidi H, Joughin A, Goldthorpe J. Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;205(E6):1-6. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(11):CD008456.
  42. Turk DC, Rudy TE, Kubinski JA, Zaki HS, Greco CM. Dysfunctional patients with temporomandibular disorders: evaluating the efficacy of a tailored treatment protocol. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996;64:139-146. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.1.139
  43. Dworkin SF, Turner JA, Wilson L, et al. Brief group cognitive-behavioral intervention for temporomandibular disorders. Pain 1994;59:175-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(94)90070-1
  44. Litt MD, Shafer DM, Kreutzer DL. Brief cognitive-behavioral treatment for TMD pain: long-term outcomes and moderators of treatment. Pain 2010;151:110-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.06.030
  45. Crider AB, Glaros AG. A meta-analysis of EMG biofeedback treatment of temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain 1999;13:29-37.
  46. Flor H, Birbaumer N. Comparison of the efficacy of electromyographic biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and conservative medical interventions in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. J Consult Clin Psychol 1993;61:653-658. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.61.4.653
  47. Liu J, Gill NS, Teodorczuk A, Li ZJ, Sun J. The efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy in somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Affect Disord 2019;245:98-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.114
  48. Noma N, Watanabe Y, Shimada A, et al. Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on orofacial pain conditions. J Oral Sci 2020;63:4-7. https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.20-0437
  49. Turner JA, Dworkin SF, Mancl L, Huggins KH, Truelove EL. The roles of beliefs, catastrophizing, and coping in the functioning of patients with temporomandibular disorders. Pain 2001;92:41-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00469-3
  50. Quill TE. Recognizing and adjusting to barriers in doctor-patient communication. Ann Intern Med 1989;111:51-57. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-1-51
  51. Lynch DJ, McGrady AV, Nagel RW, Wahl EF. The patient-physician relationship and medical utilization. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2007;9:266-270. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.v09n0403
  52. Steinmetz D, Tabenkin H. The 'difficult patient' as perceived by family physicians. Fam Pract 2001;18:495-500. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/18.5.495