Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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Seasonal changes in phytoplankton community related with environmental factors in the Busan coastal region in 2014

2014년 부산 연안 해역에서 계절적 환경특성에 따른 식물플랑크톤 군집의 변화양상

  • JI Nam Yoon (Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Young Kyun Lim (Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Dong Sun Kim (Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Young Ok Kim (Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Seung Ho Baek (Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
  • 윤지남 (한국해양과학기술원 위해성분석연구센터) ;
  • 임영균 (한국해양과학기술원 위해성분석연구센터) ;
  • 김동선 (한국해양과학기술원 해양환경연구센터) ;
  • 김영옥 (한국해양과학기술원 해양생태연구센터) ;
  • 백승호 (한국해양과학기술원 위해성분석연구센터)
  • Received : 2022.01.11
  • Accepted : 2022.03.17
  • Published : 2022.03.31
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Abstract

To assess the influence of environmental factors on the phytoplankton community structure and total phytoplankton biomass during four seasons in 2014, we investigated the abiotic and biotic factors at 25 stations in the Busan coastal region. The phytoplankton community and total phytoplankton biomass were strongly dependent on the discharge from the Nakdong River, and the high density of phytoplankton was related with the introduction of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC), particularly in the thermohaline fronts of the fall season. The relationship between the salinity and nutrient (Dissolved inorganic nitrogen=DIN: R2=0.72, p<0.001 and Dissolved inorganic silicon=DSi: R2=0.78, p<0.001) highly correlated with the river discharge, implying that those nutrients have played a crucial role in the growth of diatom and cryptophyta. The total phytoplankton biomass was highest in the summer followed by autumn, spring, and winter. Diatom and cryptophyta species were dominant species during the four seasons. Additionally, there were strong positive correlations between Chlorophyll a and total phytoplankton biomass (R2=0.84, p<0.001), cryptophyta (R2=0.76, p<0.001) and diatom (R2=0.50, p<0.001), respectively. In particular, we found that there were significant differences in the nutrients, phytoplankton community compositions, and total phytoplankton biomass between the inner and the outer coastal region of Busan, depending on the amount of river discharge from the Nakdong River, particularly during rainy seasons. Therefore, the seasonal change of TWC and river discharge from the Nakdong River serve an important role in determining phytoplankton population dynamics in the Busan coastal region.

본 연구는 2014년 동계, 춘계, 하계, 추계 부산 연안 해역에서 식물플랑크톤 군집구조와 그들의 성장에 미치는 환경요인을 파악하기 위해 25개의 정점에서 생물학적 요인과 무생물학적 요인을 조사하였다. 부산 연안 해역에서 식물플랑크톤의 현존량 및 군집조성은 강우에 의한 낙동강 방류수에 크게 의존되는 특성과 더불어, 염분 분포가 생물의 집적에 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 파악됐다. 염분은 영양염 DIN (R2=0.72, p<0.001) 및 DSi (R2=0.78, p<0.001)와 유의한 상관관계를 확인하였으나, DIP (R2=0.037, p>0.05)는 염분과 유의한 관계성은 없었다. 이는 2014년 하계 강우에 의한 연안역으로 담수의 유입은 질소와 규소기원의 영양염 공급을 초래하였고, 식물플랑크톤 중 규조류와 은편모조류의 증식에 중요하게 작용하였다. 계절적으로 식물플랑크톤의 현존량은 하계, 추계, 춘계, 동계 순으로 높게 나타났다. Chl. a 농도에 대한 기여율은 식물플랑크톤의 총 현존량과 높은 양의 상관관계(R2=0.84, p<0.001)를 보였고, 그중에서도 은편모조류(R2=0.76, p<0.001) 및 규조류(R2=0.50, p<0.001)의 기여율이 상대적으로 높게 나타난 것을 파악하였다. 결과적으로 부산 연안 해역은 낙동강 하구와 부산 도심 및 항만기원의 유기물 부하로, 식물플랑크톤의 증식이 빠르게 일어날 수 있는 환경변화를 파악하였다. 특히, 내측과 외측은 영양염 농도뿐만 아니라, 식물플랑크톤의 군집구조 및 현존량의 차이도 크게 나타났고, 이는 계절적으로 상이한 특성을 보였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 한국해양과학기술원 연구과제 "생지화학 순환 및 해양환경변동 연구(PEA0012)" 지원으로 수행되었습니다.

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