Acknowledgement
This work was financially supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2021YJ0512).
References
- F. Carrette, M. Lafont, G. Chatainier, et al., Analysis and TEM examination of corrosion scales grown on Alloy 690 exposed to pressurized water at 325 ℃, Surf. Interface Anal. 34 (1) (2002) 135-138. https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.1269
- W.A. Byers, J. Deshon, Structure and chemistry of PWR crud, in: International Conference Water Chemistry in Nuclear Reactors Systems Conference, San Francisco USA, 2004, pp. 11-14.
- P. Athe, C. Jones, N. Dinh, Assessment of the predictive capability of VERA-CS for CASL challenge problems, Journal of Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification 6 (2) (2021).
- N. Cinosi, I. Haq, M. Bluck, et al., The effective thermal conductivity of crud and heat transfer from crud-coated PWR fuel, Nucl. Eng. Des. 241 (3) (2011) 792-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.12.015
- P. Cohen, Heat and mass transfer for boiling in porous deposits with chimneys 70 (138) (1974) 71-80.
- C. Pan, B.G. Jones, A.J. Machiels, Concentration levels of solutes in porous deposits with chimneys under wick boiling conditions, Nucl. Eng. Des. 99 (1985) 317-327.
- J. Henshaw, J.C. Mcgurk, H.E. Sims, et al., A model of chemistry and thermal hydraulics in PWR fuel crud deposits, J. Nucl. Mater. 353 (1-2) (2006) 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.01.028
- I.U. Haq, Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis for Crud Coated PWR Fuel, Imperial College London, 2011.
- M. Short, D. Hussey, B. Kendrick, et al., Multiphysics modeling of porous CRUD deposits in nuclear reactors, J. Nucl. Mater. 443 (1-3) (2013) 579-587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.08.014
- B.G. Park, S. Seo, S.J. Kim, et al., Meso-scale multi-physics full coupling within porous CRUD deposits on nuclear fuel, J. Nucl. Mater. 512 (2018) 100-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.10.002
- G. Wang, Improved Crud Heat Transfer Model for Dryout on Fuel Pin Surfaces at Pwr Operating Conditions, The Pennsylvania State University, 2009.
- M. Jin, M. Short, Multiphysics modeling of two-phase film boiling within porous corrosion deposits, J. Comput. Phys. 316 (2016) 504-518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2016.03.013
- J. Collier, J. Thome, Convective Boiling and Condensation, third ed., Oxford University Press, 1994.
- D.Y. Yeo, H.C. No, Modeling heat transfer through corrosion product deposits on fuel rods in pressurized water reactors, Nucl. Eng. Des. 342 (2019) 308-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.12.008
- S. Dickinson, J. Henshaw, J.C. McGurk, et al., Modeling PWR Fuel Corrosion Product Deposition and Growth Processes, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, 2004, p. 1009734.
- J. Deshon, PWR Axial Offset Anomaly (AOA) Guidelines, Revision 1, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, 2004, 1008102.
- Ying Shi, Jinsheng Xiao, Shuhai Quan, Mu Pan, Runzhang Yuan, Fractal model for prediction of effective thermal conductivity of gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cell, J. Power Sources 185 (1) (2008) 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.07.010
- D.Y. Yeo, H.C. No, Modeling film boiling within chimney-structured porous media and heat pipes, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 124 (2018) 576-585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.03.093
- W. Woodside, J.H. Messmer, Thermal conductivity of porous media. II. Consolidated rocks, J. Appl. Phys. 32 (9) (1961) 1699.
- P.J. Gierszewski, B.B. Mikic, N.E. Todreas, Property Correlations for Lithium, Sodium, Helium, Flibe and Water in Fusion Reactor Applications, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Fusion Center, 1980.
- J. Deshon, Simulated Fuel Crud Thermal Conductivity Measurements under Pressurized Water Reactor Conditions, EPRI, 2011. Technical Report 1022896.
- J.L. Uhle, Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of Steam Generator U-Tube Fouling, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997.
- R. Salko Jr., T.L. Lange, E. Tatli, et al., Development of a Crud Induced Localized Corrosion Analysis Capability in VERA, Oak Ridge National Lab.(ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States), 2020.