Nuclear Engineering and Technology

  • 제54권11호
  • /
  • Pages.4062-4071
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 1738-5733(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-358X(eISSN)
한국원자력학회 (Korean Nuclear Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy in simulated nuclear accident environments regarding the chemical effects in GSI-191

  • Da Wang (Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University) ;
  • Amanda Leong (Nuclear Material and Fuel Cycle Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) ;
  • Qiufeng Yang (Nuclear Material and Fuel Cycle Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) ;
  • Jinsuo Zhang (Nuclear Material and Fuel Cycle Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)
  • 투고 : 2021.09.02
  • 심사 : 2022.06.29
  • 발행 : 2022.11.25
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Long-term aluminum (Al) corrosion tests were designed to investigate the condition that would generate severe Al corrosion and precipitation. Buffer agents of sodium tetraborate (NaTB), trisodium phosphate (TSP) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were adopted. The insulation materials, fiberglass and calcium silicate (Ca-sil), were examined to explore their effects on Al corrosion. The results show that significant precipitates were formed in both NaTB/TSP-buffered solutions at high pH. The precipitates formed in NaTB solution raise more concerns on chemical effects in GSI-191. A passivation layer formed on the surfaces of coupon in solution with the presence of insulations could effectively mitigate Al corrosion. The Fe-enriched intermetallic particles (IPs) embedded in coupon appeared to serve as seeds to readily induce precipitation via providing extra area for heterogeneous Al hydroxide precipitation. X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicate that the precipitates are mainly boehmite (γ-AlOOH) and no direct evidence confirms the presence of sodium aluminum silicate or calcium phosphate.

키워드

과제정보

The first author (Da Wang) would like to acknowledge the NCEPU Scholarship Fund and Dr. Fenglei Niu who is the doctoral supervisor of Da Wang at NCEPU for his care and encouragement. All the research was conducted at Virginia Tech and was supported by the corresponding author's (Jinsuo Zhang) Startup funds.

참고문헌

  1. NRC, NUREG/CR-6988, Evaluation of Chemical Effects Phenomena in Post-LOCA Coolant, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC, 2008. 
  2. USNRC, Potential for Degradation of the ECCS and the Containment Spray System after a LOCA Because of Construction and Protective Coating Deficiencies and Foreign Material in Containment, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1998. 
  3. NRC, Potential Impact of Debris Blockage on Emergency Recirculation during Design Basis Accidents at Pressurized Water Reactors, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC, 2004. 
  4. R.C. Johns, B.C. Letellier, K.J. Howe, A.K. Ghosh, Small-scale Experiments: Effects of Chemical Reactions on Debris-Bed Head Loss, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2003. 
  5. A.K. Ghosh, K.J. Howe, A.K. Maji, B.C. Letellier, R.C. Jones, Head loss characteristics of a fibrous bed in a PWR chemical environment, Nuclear Techonology 157 (2007) 196-207.  https://doi.org/10.13182/NT07-A3812
  6. J. Dallman, B. Letellier, J. Garcia, J. Madrid, W. Roesch, D. Chen, K. Howe, L. Archuleta, F. Sciacca, B.P. Jain, Integrated Chemical Effects Test Project: Consoli-Dated Data Report, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2016. 
  7. C.B. Bahn, Chemical effects on PWR sump strainer blockage after a loss-of-coolant accident: review on U.S. Research efforts, Nuclear Engineering and Technology 45 (2013) 295-310.  https://doi.org/10.5516/NET.07.2013.705
  8. D. Wang, F.L. Niu, R.X. Liang, et al., Assessment of head los s through LOCA generated debris deposited in PWR fuel assemblies, Annals of Nuclear Energy 137 (2020), 107037. 
  9. J.K. Suh, J.W. Kim, S.G. Kown, et al., Experimental study of pressure drops through LOCA-generated debrisdeposited on a fuel assembly, Nuclear Engineering and Design 289 (2015) 49-59.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.04.009
  10. J.W. Evancho, J.T. STALEY, Kinetics of precipitation in aluminum alloys during continuous cooling, Metallurgical Transactions 43 (1974). 
  11. Y.J. Choi, S.W. Lee, H.T. Kin, Preliminary Evaluation of Long-Term Cooling Considering Chemical Precipitation and Subsequent Impact on the Recirculating Fluid, Jeju, Korea, 2010. 
  12. J.C. Griess, A.L. Bacarella, Design Considerations of Reactor Containment Spray Systems - Part III. The Corrosion of Materials in Spray Solutions, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, 1969. 
  13. J. Piippo, T. Laitinen, P. Sirkai, Corrosion Behavior of Zinc and Aluminumin Simulated Nuclear Accident Environments, Finnish Center for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, Helsinki, Finland, 1997. 
  14. V. Jain, X. He, Y.M. Pan, Corrosion Rate Measurements and Chemical Speciation of Corrosion Products Using Thermodynamic Modeling of Debris Components to Support GSI-191, Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses, San Antonio, TX, 2005. 
  15. D. Chen, K.J. Howea, J. Dallman, B.C. Letellier, Experimental analysis of the aqueous chemical environment following a loss-of-coolant accident, Nuclear Engineering and Design 237 (2007) 2126-2136.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.02.010
  16. J.H. Park, K. Kasza, B. Fisher, J. Oras, K. Natesan, W.J. Shack, NUREG/CR-6913: Chemical Effects Head-Loss Research in Support of Generic Safety Issue 191, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2006. 
  17. A.E. Lane, T.S. Andreychek, W.A. Byers, E.J. Lahoda, R.D. Reid, WCAP-16530-NP-A: Evaluation of Post-accident Chemical Effects in Containment Sump Fluids to Support GSI-191, Westinghouse, 2008. 
  18. C.B. Bahn, K.E. Kasza, W.J. Shack, K. Natesan, Technical Letter Report on Evaluation of Chemical Effects: Studies on Precipitates Used in Strainer Head Loss Testing, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2008. 
  19. C.B. Bahn, K.E. Kasza, W.J. Shack, K. Natesan, P. Klein, Evaluation of precipitates used in strainer head loss testing. Part I. Chemically generated recipitates, Nuclear Engineering and Design 239 (2009) 2981-2991.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.09.023
  20. C.B. Bahn, K.E. Kasza, W.J. Shack, K. Natesan, P. Klein, Evaluation of precipitates used in strainer head loss testing Part II. Precipitates by in situ aluminumalloy corrosion, Nuclear Engineering and Design 241 (2011) 1926-1936.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.01.004
  21. C.B. Bahn, K.E. Kasza, W.J. Shack, K. Natesan, P. Klein, Evaluation of precipitates used in strainer head loss testing Part III Long-term aluminum hydroxide precipitation tests in borated water, Nuclear Engineering and Design 241 (2011) 1914-1925.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.10.013
  22. S.J. Kim, K. Howe, CHLE-019 Test Results for Chemical Effects Tests Stimulating Corrosion and Precipitation (T3 & T4), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 2013. 
  23. S.J. Kim, CHLE-020: Test Results for a 10-day Chemical Effects Test Simulating LBLOCA Conditions (T5), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 2014. 
  24. B.N. Bachra, O.R. Trautz, S.L. Simon, Precipitation of calcium carbonatesand phosphates-III: the effect of magnesium and fluoride ions on the spontaneous precipitation of calcium carbonates and phosphates, Archives of Oral Biology 10 (1965) 731-738.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(65)90126-3
  25. S.S. Olson, Investigation of Calcium Orthophosphates in a Post-LOCA Nuclear-Reactor Containment, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2015. 
  26. S.J. Kim, J. Leavitt, K. Hammond, L. Mitchell, E. Kee, F.K. Howe, Experimentalstudy of chemical effects on ECCS strainer head loss and flow sweep test with two debris beds (blender-processed debris bed vs. NEI-processed debris bed),, in: Proceeding of American Nuclear Society Winter Conference, 2013. 
  27. S.S. Olson, A. Ali, CHLE-SNC-013: 4000 Series: Calcium Summary Report. Rev.3, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 2015. 
  28. ASTM, Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens, ASTM G1-03, 2017. 
  29. R.D. Reid, K.R. Crytzer, A.E. Lane, WCAP-16785-NP: Evaluation of Additional Inputs to the WCAP-16530-NP Chemical Model, Westinghouse Electric Company Pitssburgh, PA, 2007. 
  30. S. Guo, J. J Leavitt, X. Zhou, Y. Xie, S. Tietze, Y. Zhu, A. Lawver, E. Lahti, J. Zhang, Effects of flow, Si inhibition, and concurrent corrosion of dissimilar metals on the corrosion of aluminium in the environment following a loss-of-coolant, Corrosion Science 128 (2017) 100-109.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2017.09.012
  31. N. Birbilis, R.G. Buchheit, Electrochemical characteristics of intermetallic phases in aluminum alloys: an experimental survey and discussion, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 152 (2005) B140-B151.  https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1869984
  32. O. Seri, K. Furumata, Effect of Al-Fe-Si intermetallic compound phases on initiation and propagation of pitting attacks for aluminum 1100, Materials and Corrosion 53 (2002) 111-120.  https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4176(200202)53:2<111::AID-MACO111>3.0.CO;2-V
  33. A. Kosari, F. Tichelaar, P. Visser, H. Zandbergen, H. Terrynd, J.M.C. Mol, Dealloying-driven local corrosion by intermetallic constituent particles and dispersoids in aerospace aluminium alloys, Corrosion Science 177 (2020), 108947. 
  34. J. Huang, D. Lister, S. Uchida, L. Liu, The corrosion of aluminium alloy and release of intermetallic particles in nuclear reactor emergency core coolant: implications for clogging of sump strainers, Nuclear Engineering and Technology 51 (2019) 1345-1354.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2019.02.012
  35. D. LaBrier, A. Ali, K.J. Howe, E.D. Blandford, Integrated chemical effects head loss experiments using multiconstituent fibrous debris beds, Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 3 (2017), 011006-1-011006-14.  https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034569
  36. H. Godard, The Corrosion of Light Metals, Wiley, New York, 1967. 
  37. C. Vargel, Corrosion of Aluminum, Elsevier, New York, 2004. 
  38. Y. Xie, A. Leong, J. Zhang, J.J. Leavitt, Aluminum alloy corrosion in boron-containing alkaline solutions, Materials and Corrosion 70 (2019) 810-819.  https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201810599
  39. S. Guo, B. Dsouza, Y. Xie, A. Leong, J.J. Leavitt, J. Zhang, Aluminum corrosion in reactor containment environment following a loss of coolant accident (LOCA): high-temperature flow loop tests, Corrosion Science 151 (2019) 122-131.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.02.021
  40. D. Chen, K.J. Howe, J. Dallman, B.C. Letellier, Corrosion of aluminum in the aqueous chemical environment of a loss-of-coolant accident at a nuclear powerplant, Corrosion Science 50 (2008) 1046-1057.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2007.11.034
  41. M. Edwards, J. Semmler, D. Guzonas, H.Q. Chen, A. Toor, Aluminum corrosion product release kinetics, Nuclear Engineering and Design 288 (2015) 163-174.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.03.006
  42. K. Howe, L. Mitchell, S.J. Kim, E. Blandford, E. Kee, Corrosion and solubility in a TSP-buffered chemical environment following a loss of coolant accident: part 1-aluminum, Nuclear Engineering and Design 292 (2015) 296-305.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.11.021
  43. M. Klasky, J. Zhang, M. Ding, B. Letellier, Aluminum Chemistry in a Prototypical Post-loss-of-a-coolant-accident, Pressurized-Water-Reactor Containment Environment, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2006. 
  44. H.A. van Straten, B.T. W Holtkamp, P.L. de Bruyn, Precipitation from supersaturated aluminate solutions: I. Nucleation and growth of solid phases at room temperature, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 98 (1984) 342-362. 
  45. J. Zhang, M. Klasky, B.C. Letellier, The aluminum chemistry and corrosion in alkaline solutions, Journal of Nuclear Materials 384 (2009) 175-189.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.11.009
  46. H.A. van Straten, P.L. de Bruyn, Precipitation from supersaturated aluminate solutions: II. Role of temperature, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 102 (1984) 260-277.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(84)90218-2
  47. K. Adu-Wusu, W.R. Wilcox, Kinetics of silicate reaction with gibbsite, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 143 (1991) 127-138.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(91)90445-E
  48. S.B. Grant, J.H. Kim, C. Poor, Kinetic theories for the coagulation and sedimentation of particles, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 238 (2001) 238-250.  https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7477
  49. D. Wang, B.C. Chang, T.Y. Zhang, S.C. Tan, F.L. Niu, Evaluation of chemical effects on fuel assembly blockage following a loss of coolant accident in nuclear power plants, International Journal of Energy Research 44 (2020) 5488-5499.  https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5299
  50. C.B. Bahn, K.E. Kasza, W.J. Shack, K. Natesan, Technical Letter Report on Evaluation of Head Loss by products of Aluminum Alloy Corrosion, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, 2008.