Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국수산과학회)
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Cholinesterase inhibitory activities of neuroprotective fraction derived from red alga Gracilaria manilaensis

  • Pang, Jun-Rui (Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University) ;
  • How, Sher-Wei (Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland) ;
  • Wong, Kah-Hui (Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya) ;
  • Lim, Siew-Huah (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Malaya) ;
  • Phang, Siew-Moi (Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University) ;
  • Yow, Yoon-Yen (Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University)
  • Received : 2021.10.06
  • Accepted : 2021.12.12
  • Published : 2022.02.28
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Abstract

Anti-cholinesterase (ChE)s are commonly prescribed as the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. They are applied to prevent the breakdown of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) that bind to muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in the synaptic cleft. Seaweeds are one of the richest sources of bioactive compounds for both nutraceuticals and pharmacognosy applications. This study aimed to determine the anti-ChEs activity of Gracilaria manilaensis, one of the red seaweeds notables for its economic importance as food and raw materials for agar production. Methanol extracts (GMM) of G. manilaensis were prepared through maceration, and further purified with column chromatography into a semi-pure fraction. Ellman assay was carried out to determine the anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and anti-butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities of extracts and fractions. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis was carried out to determine the inhibition kinetic of potent extract and fraction. Major compound(s) from the most potent fraction was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). GMM and fraction G (GMMG) showed significant inhibitory activity AChE with EC50 of 2.6 mg/mL and 2.3 mg/mL respectively. GMM and GMMG exhibit mixed-inhibition and uncompetitive inhibition respectively against AChE. GMMG possesses neuroprotective compounds such as cynerine A, graveolinine, militarinone A, eplerenone and curumenol. These findings showed a promising insight of G. manilaensis to be served as a nutraceutical for neuronal health care in the future.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was funded by Sunway Internal Research Grants (Project No: INT-FST-DBS-2016-1, INTS-2017-SST-DBS-01 and INTS-2018-SST-DBS-09) from Sunway University and Jeffery Cheah Foundation Scholarship.

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