IMMUNE NETWORK

  • 제22권1호
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  • Pages.3.1-3.21
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  • 2022
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  • 1598-2629(pISSN)
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  • 2092-6685(eISSN)
대한면역학회 (The Korean Association of Immunobiologists)
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Commensal Microbiota and Cancer Immunotherapy: Harnessing Commensal Bacteria for Cancer Therapy

  • Jihong Bae (Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Kwangcheon Park (Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • You-Me Kim (Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST))
  • 투고 : 2022.01.23
  • 심사 : 2022.02.07
  • 발행 : 2022.02.28
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⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and the number of cancer patients is expected to continuously increase in the future. Traditional cancer therapies focus on inhibiting cancer growth while largely ignoring the contribution of the immune system in eliminating cancer cells. Recently, better understanding of immunological mechanisms pertaining to cancer progress has led to development of several immunotherapies, which revolutionized cancer treatment. Nonetheless, only a small proportion of cancer patients respond to immunotherapy and maintain a durable response. Among multiple factors contributing to the variability of immunotherapy response rates, commensal microbiota inhabiting patients have been identified as one of the most critical factors determining the success of immunotherapy. The functional diversity of microbiota differentially affects the host immune system and controls the efficacy of immunotherapy in individual cancer patients. Moreover, clinical studies have demonstrated that changing the gut microbiota composition by fecal microbiota transplantation in patients who failed a previous immunotherapy converts them to responders of the same therapy. Consequently, both academic and industrial researchers are putting extensive efforts to identify and develop specific bacteria or bacteria mixtures for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we will summarize the immunological roles of commensal microbiota in cancer treatment and give specific examples of bacteria that show anticancer effect when administered as a monotherapy or as an adjuvant agent for immunotherapy. We will also list ongoing clinical trials testing the anticancer effect of commensal bacteria.

키워드

과제정보

We thank Tirhas Niguse Gebre for proofreading this manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea (2017M3A9F3047085, 2020R1A2C2011307) and the 2020 Joint Research Project Grant of Institutes of Science and Technology.

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