Journal of Chest Surgery

The Korean Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (대한심장혈관흉부외과학회)
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Postcardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease

  • Joo, Seohee (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Cho, Sungkyu (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Jae Hong (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Min, Jooncheol (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Kwon, Hye Won (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Kwak, Jae Gun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Woong-Han (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital)
  • Received : 2021.11.05
  • Accepted : 2021.12.29
  • Published : 2022.04.05
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Abstract

Background: This study investigated mortality and morbidity in patients requiring postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support after operations for congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: CHD patients requiring postoperative ECMO support between May 2011 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into non-survivors and survivors to hospital discharge. Survival outcomes and associations of various factors with in-hospital death were analyzed. Results: Fifty patients required postoperative ECMO support. Patients' median age and weight at the time of ECMO insertion were 1.85 months (interquartile range [IQR], 0.23-14.5 months) and 3.84 kg (IQR, 3.08-7.88 kg), respectively. Twenty-nine patients (58%) were male. The median duration of ECMO support was 6 days (IQR, 3-12 days). Twenty-nine patients (58%) died on ECMO support or after ECMO weaning, and 21 (42%) survived to hospital discharge. Postoperative complications included renal failure (n=33, 66%), bleeding (n=11, 22%), and sepsis (n=15, 30%). Prolonged ECMO support (p=0.017), renal failure (p=0.005), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) application (p=0.001), sepsis (p=0.012), bleeding (p=0.032), and high serum lactate (p=0.002) and total bilirubin (p=0.017) levels during ECMO support were associated with higher mortality risk in a univariate analysis. A multivariable analysis identified CRRT application (p=0.013) and a high serum total bilirubin level (p=0.001) as independent risk factors for death. Conclusion: Postcardiotomy ECMO should be considered as an important therapeutic modality for patients unresponsive to conventional management. ECMO implementation strategies and management in appropriate patients without severe complications, particularly renal failure and/or liver failure, are crucial for achieving positive outcomes.

Keywords

References

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