Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Assessment of water quality index suitability of domestic watersheds

국내유역의 수질지수 적합성 평가

  • Lee, Sangung (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University) ;
  • Jo, Bugeon (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University) ;
  • Kim, Young Do (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University)
  • 이상웅 (명지대학교 토목환경공학과) ;
  • 조부건 (명지대학교 토목환경공학과) ;
  • 김영도 (명지대학교 토목환경공학과)
  • Received : 2022.03.11
  • Accepted : 2022.04.26
  • Published : 2022.05.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Since tributaries have greater water quality variability than main streams, a comprehensive evaluation method that considers the effects of various parameters rather than one water quality parameter has been introduced for effective water quality management of tributaries, but the characteristic of the watershed is not considered. In this study, the urbanization rate, livestock excreta generation, and industrial wastewater discharge in the Hantan River middle-watershed classify urban and non-urban watersheds, and evaluate the suitability of water quality indexes by watershed characteristics by analyzing water quality characteristics and calculating CCME WQI, RTWQI, and NSFWQI. Factor analysis was used to understand the effect of water quality parameters used to calculate the water quality index on the water quality index results. As a result of the factor analysis, the relationship between CCME WQI, TC, and FC was derived, and the relationship between RTWQI and DO, SS in urban watersheds and NSFWQI and FC in non-urban watersheds was revealed. As a result of evaluating suitability through comparison with BOD and T-P grades, it was interpreted that the suitability of the water quality index was low in urban watersheds and that comprehensive water quality evaluation using RTWQI was possible in non-urban watersheds.

지류 하천은 본류에 비해 수질 변동성이 심하므로, 지류하천에 대한 효과적인 수질관리를 위해서 단일 수질 항목에 의한 평가보다 다항목의 영향을 고려한 종합적인 평가 방법이 도입되고 있으나 유역 특성이 고려되지 못하는 한계가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 한탄강 중권역을 도시화율 및 가축분뇨 발생량, 산업폐수 배출량으로 도시 유역과 비도시 유역을 분류하고 수질 특성 분석 및 CCME WQI, RTWQI, NSFWQI 산정을 통해 유역 특성별 수질지수의 적합성을 평가하고자 한다. 수질지수 산정시 사용되는 수질항목이 수질지수 결과에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 요인분석을 활용하였다. 요인분석 결과, CCME WQI와 TC, FC의 관계가 도출되었으며, 도시 유역에서 RTWQI와 DO, SS, 비도시 유역에서 NSFWQI와 FC의 관계가 나타났다. 하천생활환경기준 항목인 BOD, T-P 등급과 수질지수 비교를 통해 적합성을 평가하였을 때 도시 유역에서는 수질지수의 적합성이 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 비도시 유역에서 RTWQI를 활용한 종합적인 수질 평가가 가능한 것으로 해석되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 경기녹색환경지원센터의 연구비지원(21-05-01-30-33-1)에 의하여 수행되었으며, 이와 같은 지원에 감사드립니다.

References

  1. Darvishi, G., Kootenaei, F.G., Ramezani, M., Lotfi, E., and Asgharnia, H. (2016). "Comparative investigation of river water quality by OWQI, NSFWQI and Wilcox indexes (case study: The Talar River-Iran)." Archives of Environmental Protection, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1515/aep-2016-0005
  2. Kal, B.S., Park, J.B., Kim S.H., and Im, T.H. (2017). "Assessment of tributary water quality using integrated Water Quality Index." Journal of Wetlands Research, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 311-317. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2017.19.3.311
  3. Kalagbor, I.A., Johnny V.I., and Ogbolokot I.E. (2019). "Application of national sanitation foundation and weighted arithmetic water quality indices for the assessment of Kaani and Kpean Rivers in Nigeria." American Journal of Water Resources, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 11-15. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajwr-7-1-2
  4. Lee, H.J., Park, H.K., Lee, J.H., Park, A.R., and Cheon, S.U. (2016). "Coliform pollution status of Nakdong River and tributaries." Journal of Korean Society on Water Environmen, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 271-280. https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2016.32.3.271
  5. Lee, J.H., Ha, H.J., Lee, M.H., Lee, M.Y., Kim., T.H., Cha, Y.K., and Koo, J.Y. (2020). "Assessment of water quality of major tributaries in Seoul using water quality index and cluster analysis." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 452-462. https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.10.452
  6. Noori, M.D. (2020). "Comparative analysis of weighted arithmetic and CCME water quality index estimation methods, accuracy and representation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 737, No. 4, pp. 012174. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/737/1/012174
  7. Park, J.B., Kal, B.S., and Kim, S.H. (2019a). "Application of multivariate statistical techniques to analyze the pollution characteristics of major tributaries of the Nakdong River." Journal of Wetlands Research, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 215-223. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2019.21.3.215
  8. Park, J.B., Kal, B.S., Kim, S.H., Lee, M.Y. (2018). "Long-term trend analysis of major tributaries of Nakdong River using water quality index." Journal of Wetlands Research, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 201-209. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2018.20.3.201
  9. Park, K.D., Kang, D.H., So, Y.H., and Kim, I.K. (2019b). "Temporal-spatial variations of water quality level and water quality index on the living environmental standards in the west Nakdong River." Journal of Environmental Science International, Vol. 28, No. 12, pp. 1071-1083. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2019.28.12.1071
  10. Shweta, T., Bhavtosh, S., Prashant, S., and Rajendra, D. (2013). "Water quality assessment in terms of water quality index." American Journal of Water Resources, Vol. 1, No. 3, 34-38. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajwr-1-3-3
  11. Sin, S.H,, Im, T.H., Kim, S.H., Sin, D.S., and Kwon, H.G. (2018). "Consideration in applying Korean - Comprehensive Water Quality Index (K-CWQI) to assessement of water quality in the major tributaries of Gumho-River Basin." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 455-465. https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2018.18.2.455
  12. Son, Y.G., Na, S.M., Im, T.H., and Kim, S.H. (2017). "Water quality analysis in Nakdong River tributaries using 2012-2016 monitoring data." Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 680-688. https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2017.33.6.680
  13. Zeinalzadeh, K., and Rezaei, E. (2017). "Determining spatial and temporal changes of surface water quality using principal component analysis." Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Vol. 13, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.07.002
  14. Zotou, I., Tsihrintzis, V.A., and Gikas, G.D. (2019). "Performance of seven Water Quality Indices (WQIs) in a Mediterranean River." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 191, No. 8, pp.1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7122-4