DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Sense of Crisis in Mid-Life and the Meaning in Life

중년기 위기감과 삶의 의미에 관한 연구

  • Bae, Na-Rae (Dept. of Social Welfare, Konyang Cyber University)
  • 배나래 (건양사이버대학교 사회복지학과)
  • Received : 2022.03.25
  • Accepted : 2022.05.20
  • Published : 2022.05.28

Abstract

Mid-life is a period of transition and crisis in human development. A multidimensional approach is needed to understand the meaning of the mid-life crisis. In order to understand the crisis of middle age, it is required to understand the psychological aspects of individuals, behavioral and social aspects. Jung referred to the middle age as the period of individuation. In other words, it is a process of stabilizing and integrating several individuals with fragmented personalities. The discovery of the meaning in life in middle age relates to the meaning of existence and to become a true community member through understanding of others and oneself. The sense of crisis in middle age has a deep correlation with the meaning in life, and the sense of crisis in middle age can be lowered through the meaning of life. However, in the process of discovering the meaning in life, adaptation to family and social crises and coping with stress will be important factors.

중년기는 인간발달 과정 중 전환의 시기이며 위기의 시기이다. 중년기 위기의 의미를 이해하기 위해서는 다차원적인 접근이 필요하다. 중년기의 위기를 파악하기 위해 개인의 심리적 측면, 행동·사회적 측면의 이해가 요청된다. Jung은 중년기를 개성화 시기라하며, 파편화된 성격의 여러 개체를 안정화시키고 통합하는 과정이라 하였다. 중년기 삶의 의미에 대한 발견은 타인과 자신의 이해를 통해 진정한 공동체 일원이 되는 것이며 실존의 의미와 연결된다. 중년기 위기는 삶의 의미와 깊은 상관관계를 가지며, 삶의 의미를 통해 중년의 위기감을 낮출 수 있다. 다만, 삶의 의미를 발견하는 과정에서 가족 및 사회적 위기상황에 대한 적응, 스트레스 대처 여부가 중요한 요인이 될 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. H.H.Shin.(2018.2.25.). Shaking middle age, is it a common phenomenon in all countries?. Hankyoreh. https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/economy_general/833543.html
  2. M. C. Kim. (1989). A Study on Midlife Crisis and Related Variables. Doctoral Dissertation. Ewha Women University, Seoul.
  3. W. J. Byeon & C. K. Kim. (2007). Effects of Depression, The sense of crisis, Self-differentiation, Social Support, Internal Family Systems on Ego-Identity of Middle-aged Women. Journal of the Korean Psychological Association, 12(3), 2550276. DOI : 10.18205/kpa.2007.12.3.001
  4. N. R. Bae. (2022). Exploring COVID-19 and Meaning in Life. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 13(4), 315-320. DOI : 10.15207/JKCS.2022.13.04.315
  5. Y. M. Jung. (2011). Factors Influencing Meaning in Life among the Middle-aged. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing, 23(3), 209-220. UCI : G704-000678.2011.23.3.007
  6. H. K. Chang & J. N. Sohn. (2017). Factors related to Meaning of life in middle adults. Multimedia Journal of Convergence of Arts, Humanities and Society, 7(7), 609-621. DOI : 10.35873/ajmahs.2017.7.7.057
  7. A. S. Kim & J. Yoon. (1993). The Timing and the Effects of Social-Economic Variables on Mid-Life Crisis. Korean Gerontology, 13(1), 1-16.
  8. K. F. Riegel. (1976). The dialectics of human development. American Psychologist, 31(10), 689-700. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.31.10.689
  9. D. J. Levinson, C. N. Darrow, E. B. Klein, M. L. Levinson & B. McKee. (1978). The seasons of men's life. New. York : Knopf.
  10. R. L. Gould, (1972). The phases of adult life : A study in developmental psychology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 29, 521-531. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.129.5.521
  11. R. L. Gould. (1978). Iransformations: Growth and change in ad t life. New York : Simon & Schuster.
  12. G. Vaillant. (1977). Adaptation to life. Boston : Little Brown.
  13. C. Jung. (1988). Two Essays on Analytical Psychology, New York : New York World.
  14. E. M. Kim & H. S. Lee. (2021). Midlife Crisis Analysis of Characters in the Movie "The Perfect Other" - Focusing on Carl Jung's Analytical Psychology. Culture and Convergence, 43(6), 343-371. DOI : 10.33645/cnc.2021.06.43.6.343
  15. R. L. Havighurst. (1972). Developmental Tasks and Education, New. York : David Mckay.
  16. E. H. Erikson. (1963). Childhood and Society, New. York : North and Co.
  17. B. L. Neugarten. (1979). Time, Age, and the Life Cycle. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 136(6), 887-894. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.136.7.887
  18. J. E. Kim. (1983). The Psychology of the Korean family. Seoul: Ewha Women's University Press.
  19. J. S. Kim, J. G. Nam, J. W. Jung & Y. H. Lee. (1982). A Study on Establishment of Lifelong Education System in Korea. Research Papers, 82, 173-193.
  20. H. W. Ahn & E. S. Joo. (2021). The Effect of Focusing Manner on Mid-Life Crisis in Middle-Aged Men. Exchange Analysis Counseling Research, 11(1), 93-116. DOI : 10.35476/taca.2021.11
  21. E. Y. Lee & E. J. Wang. (2017). Development and Validation of the Korean Mid-life Crisis Scale. Korean Journal Of Counseling And Psychotherapy, 29(2), 481-503. https://doi.org/10.23844/kjcp.2017.05.29.2.481
  22. V. E. Frankl. (1959). Man's Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy. Boston, MA:Beacon Press.
  23. S. Y. Park & S. M. Kwon. (2012). A theoretical review with clinical implications for the meaning in life. Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 31(3), 741-768.
  24. S. H. Chae. (2017). A Meta-Analysis on Variables Related to the Meaning in Life. Doctoral dissertation. Kyungpook National University, Daegu.
  25. H. J. Herman. (1989). The meaning of life as an organized process. Psychotherapy:Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 26(1), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085395
  26. R. F. Baumeister. (1991). Meaning of life. New York: Guilford Press.
  27. P. T. P. Wong. (1998).Meaning-Centered Counseling. In P.T.P. Wong&P.S.Fry(Eds.), The human quest for meaning: A handbook of psychological research and clinical applications, Marwah, MJ:Erlbaum
  28. R. A. Emmons. (2003). Personal goals, life meaning, and virtue: Wellsprings of a positive life. In C.L.M.Keyes&J.Haidt(Eds),Flourishing:Positive psychology and the life well-lived. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
  29. T. S. Yoon. (2016). The Influence of Stress Coping on Psychological Well-Being:The Mediating Effect of Meaning in Life. Master's Degree. Ajou University, Seoul.
  30. M. F. Steger, P. Frazier, S. Oishi & M. Kaler. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 80-93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80
  31. K. T. Kim. (1995). Crisis intervention theory. Seoul: Daewangsa.
  32. S. H. Shin. (2017). Study on the Stress Theory and the Coping Method. Master's Degree. Daejin University, Gyeonggido.
  33. R. W. White. (1974). Strategies of adaptation: an attempt at systematic description. In G.V.Coelho, D.A.Hamburg&J.E.Adams(Eds.). Coping and adaptation.New York: Basic Books.
  34. T. H. Yum & H. T. Won. (1993). Stress and Direct Coping. The Korean journal of stress research, (1), 103-111.
  35. S. Folkman & R. S. Lazarus. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21(3), 2019-239.
  36. S. Folkman & R. S. Lazarus. (1985). If it changes it must be process: study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personnality and Social Psychology, 48(1), 150-170. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.1.150
  37. S. Folkman, R. S. Lazarus, R. J. Gruen & A. DeLongis. (1986). Appraisal coping, health status, and psychological symptoms. Journal of Personnality and Social Psychology, 50(3), 571-579. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.3.571
  38. C. L. Park & S. Folkman. (1997). Meaning in the context of stress and coping. Review of General Psychology, 1(2), 115-144. https://doi.org/10.1037//1089-2680.1.2.115
  39. D. L. Gutmann. (1967). An exploration of ego configuration in middle a later life. New York: Academic Press.
  40. A. T Ebata & R. H. Moos. (1991). Coping and adjustment in distressed and healthy adolescents. Journal of Applied Development Psychology, 12, 33-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0193-3973(91)90029-4
  41. H. J. Jung & H. S. Lee. (2001). Family Therapy. Seoul : Hawoo.
  42. J. B. Lee & N. R. Jeon. (2007). Human behavior and social environment. Seoul : Hakhyeonsa.
  43. E. Duvall. (1962). Family development. Philadelphia, PA : Lippincott.
  44. J. R. Taplin. (1971). Crisis Theory : Critique and Reformulation. Community Mental Health Journal, 7(3), 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01434728
  45. R. D. Carter & R. B. Stuart. (1970). Behavior Modification Theory and Practice : a Reply. Social work, 15(1), 37-50.