DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Monitoring on Bolboschoenus planiculmis Restoration in Nakdong River Estuary: Implications for Wetland Restoration Using Shoot Transplantation

낙동강하구 새섬매자기(Bolboschoenus planiculmis) 복원 모니터링: 식물체(shoot) 식재를 이용한 습지복원

  • Received : 2022.10.25
  • Accepted : 2022.11.04
  • Published : 2022.12.31

Abstract

Bolboschoenus planiculmis has been acknowledged as a key species in whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) habitat by providing food for this migratory waterfowl. B. planiculmis wetlands are being degraded by water shortages and salinization caused by anthropogenic activities and climate changes. In 2004, the distribution of B. planiculmis in the tidal flats of the Nakdong Estuary was 2,475,568 m2, and in 2021, the distribution area was 798,731 m2, which decreased by 32.3%. In order to restore the degraded B. planiculmis wetlands, shoot transplantation and seed sowing were tentatively used in three places with different salinity and water levels. The average density per unit area in September at the optimal growth period after planting were A (fresh water level 50 cm) 58±15.65 m-2, B (brackish water level 0~5 cm) 188±63.83 m-2, C (brackish water level 0 cm or less) 188±45.13 m-2. The tubers were observed as A 0 g dw m-2, B 25.32±2.94 g dw m-2, and C 13.39±0.91 g dw m-2. Tubers were distributed in the soil, with only 3.0% at the 10~20 cm depth but 97.0% at the 0~10 cm depth. In contrast, the germination rate of B. planiculmis seeds was observed to be 0%. Results of this study provide technical support for the restoration of B. planiculmis wetland and the improvement in the quality of whooper swans habitat.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

현장 조사를 비롯하여 복원 및 시료채취에 도움을 주신 낙동강하구에코센터, 한국수자원공사, 경남대학교 그리고 부 산대학교 학생 모두에게 고마움을 전합니다.

References

  1. An, Y., Y. Gao and S. Tong. 2018. Emergence and growth performance of Bolboschoenus planiculmis varied in response to water level and soil planting depth: implications for wetland restoration using tuber transplantation. Aquatic Botany 148: 10-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.04.005
  2. An, Y., T. Song, Y. Zhang, S. Tong and B. Liu. 2022. Optimum water depth for restoration of Bolboschoenus planiculmis in wetlands in semi-arid regions. Hydrobiologia 849(1): 13-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04704-9
  3. Choi, S., Y. Shon, G. Ju, J. Choi, M. Kim, Y. Yu and J. Lee. 2000. Sprouting and growth characteristics of sea club rush (Scirpus planiculmis). Korean Journal of Weed Science 20(4): 276-283. (in Korean with English abstract)
  4. Coops, H., N. Geilen and G. van der Velde. 1994. Distribution and growth of the helophyte species Phragmites australis and Scirpus lacustris in water depth gradients in relation to wave exposure. Aquatic Botany 48(3-4): 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(94)90020-5
  5. Coops, H., F.W. van den Brink and G. van Der Velde. 1996. Growth and morphological responses of four helophyte species in an experimental water-depth gradient. Aquatic Botany 54(1): 11-24.
  6. Das, K.K., D. Panda, R.K. Sarkar, J.N. Reddy and A.M. Ismail. 2009. Submergence tolerance in relation to variable floodwater conditions in rice. Environmental and Experimental Botany 66(3): 425-434.
  7. Dwire, K.A., S. Mellmann-Brown and J.T. Gurrieri. 2018. Potential effects of climate change on riparian areas, wetlands, and groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the Blue Mountains, Oregon, USA. Climate Services 10: 44-52. 
  8. Edwards, G.S. 1992. Root distribution of soft-stem bulrush (Scirpus validus) in a constructed wetland. Ecological Engineering 1: 239-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(92)90005-M
  9. Ferreira, C.S., M.T. F. Piedade, A.C. Franco, J.F.C. Goncalves and W.J. Junk. 2009. Adaptive strategies to tolerate prolonged flooding in seedlings of floodplain and upland populations of Himatanthus sucuuba, a Central Amazon tree. Aquatic Botany 90(3): 246-252.
  10. Hroudova, Z., P. Zakravsky and M. Flegrova. 2014. The tolerance to salinity and nutrient supply in four European Bolboschoenus species(B. maritimus, B. laticarpus, B. planiculmis and B. yagara) affects their vulnerability or expansiveness. Aquatic Botany 112: 66-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.07.012
  11. Kim, G.Y., C.W. Lee, H.S. Yoon and G.J. Joo. 2005. Changes of distribution of vascular hydrophytes in the Nakdong river estuary and growth dynamics of Schenoplectus triqueter, waterfowl food plant. Korean Journal of Ecology 28: 335-345. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2005.28.5.335
  12. Kim, G.Y., J.Y. Kim, G.G. Ganf, C.W. Lee and G.J. Joo. 2013. Impact of over-wintering waterfowl on tuberous bulrush (Bolboschoenus planiculmis) in tidal flats. Aquatic Botany 107: 17-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.01.004
  13. Kim, G.Y. 2020. Growth Characteristics of Bolboschoenus planiculmis on the Eulsuk Tidal Flat of the Nakdong River Estuary, Korea. Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment 53(4): 453-460. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2020.53.4.453
  14. Kim, J.Y., R.Y. Im, Y. Do, G.Y. Kim and G.J. Joo. 2016. Aboveground Biomass estimation of tuberous bulrush (Bolboschoenus planiculmis) in mudflats using remotely sensed multispectral image. Ocean Science Journal 51(1): 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-016-0013-0
  15. Kim, J.Y. and G.-Y. Kim. 2021. Effects of regulated dam discharge on plants and migratory waterfowl are mediated by salinity changes in estuaries. International Review of Hydrobiology 106(1): 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.202002042
  16. Kim, Y., J. Kang, J.U. Choi, C.M. Park and H.J. Woo. 2019. Geochemical Characteristics of Scirpus planiculmis Habitats in Nakdong Estuary, Korea. Journal of Wetlands Research 21(2): 125-131.(in Korean with English abstract)
  17. Lee, K.S., K.H. Han, S.H. Park and S.Y. Choi. 1991. Growth Habits of Scirpus planiculmis F. Schmidt in Poldered Paddy Field. Korean Journal of Weed Science 11(2): 111-116. (in Korean with English abstract)
  18. Lee, S.J., K.S. Ryoo, M.H. Hwang and S.U. Lee. 2008. Analysis of the water quality by various gate operation effects at Nakdong estuary barrier. Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment 24(6): 651-658. (in Korean with English abstract)
  19. Lou, Y., C. Gao, Y. Pan, Z. Xue, Y. Liu, Z. Tang and H. Rydin. 2018. Niche modelling of marsh plants based on occurrence and abundance data. Science of The Total Environment 616: 198-207. 
  20. Lubke, R.A. and A.M. Avis. 1982. Factors affecting the distribution of the Scirpus nodosus plants in a dune slack community. South African Journal of Botany 1: 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4618(16)30157-7
  21. Ma, H., L.J. Cui, X. Pan, W. Li, Y. Ning and J. Zhou. 2020. Effect of nitrate supply on the facilitation between two salt-marsh plants (Suaeda salsa and Scirpus planiculmis). Journal of Plant Ecology 13(2): 204-212. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa001
  22. Nam, H.K. and M.H. Kim. 2017. Determinations of Shorebirds Diets during Spring Migration Stopovers in Korean Rice Fields. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 35(4): 452-460. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2017.35.4.452
  23. Pan, Y., Y. Xie, X. Chen and F. Li. 2012. Effects of flooding and sedimentation on the growth and physiology of two emergent macrophytes from Dongting Lake wetlands. Aquatic Botany 100: 35-40.
  24. Park, S., J. Lee, J.U. Choi, N. Heo and S. An. 2016. Study on the long-term changes in water quality and benthic ecology and evaluation on effect of the barrage in Nakdong River estuary. Journal of Wetlands Research 18(1): 58-67. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2016.18.1.058
  25. Yang, H., J.H. Kim and E.J. Lee. 2020. Effects of tides on interspecific interactions and plastic growth responses of Bolboschoenus planiculmis. Flora 264: 151568.
  26. Yang, H., J.H. Kim and E.J. Lee. 2021. Impacts of tidal restriction caused by embankments on the plastic growth responses of Bolboschoenus planiculmis in Korea. Regional Studies in Marine Science 41: 101616.
  27. Yi, Y.M., U.S. Yeo, D.H. Oh and K.J. Sung. 2011. Annual changes in Scirpus planiculmis and environmental characteristics of the Nakdong river estuary. Journal of Wetlands Research 13(3): 567-579. (in Korean with English abstract)
  28. You, Y.H. 2008. Population decline cause of Scirpus planiculmis and its restoration plan in Han River Wetland Conservation Area, South Korea. Journal of Wetlands Research 10(2): 165-172. (in Korean with English abstract)
  29. Zhang, M., D. Zhang, Q. Qi, S. Tong, X. Wang, Y. An and X. Lu. 2022. Flooding effects on population and growth characteristics of Bolboschoenus planiculmis in Momoge wetland, northeast China. Ecological Indicators 137: 108730.
  30. Zhou, J., L.D. Zheng, X. Pan, W. Li, X.M. Kang, J. Li and L.J. Cui. 2018. Hydrological conditions affect the interspecific interaction between two emergent wetland species. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 2253.