Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Characterization of Heavy Metal Pollution in Sediments of Major Reservoirs in South Korea

우리나라 주요 호소의 퇴적물 내 중금속 오염도에 따른 특성 분석

  • Received : 2022.05.11
  • Accepted : 2022.06.24
  • Published : 2022.06.30
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Abstract

In this study, 46 reservoirs in South Korea were characterized based on heavy metal concentration in sediments. We analyzed the relationship between heavy metal concentrations, physicochemical water quality and hydromorphological factors in each reservoir. Study reservoirs were classified into five groups of reservoirs, by hierarchical cluster analysis based on the similarities of heavy metal concentration. Group 1 had the most severe sediment heavy metal contamination among the groups, whereas Groups 2 and 3 showed low levels of heavy metal contamination. Group 4 displayed high value of Ni, and Group 5 showed high contamination of Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Hg. Groups 1 and 5, which had high concentration of heavy metals in sediments, showed a high density of mines in the catchment of reservoirs. Heavy metal concentration was high in reservoirs with large capacity or the ones located at higher elevation, and also highly related with number of mines in the catchment of reservoir. This study can contribute to the systematic management of sediment heavy metals in reservoirs.

본 연구에서는 국내 46개 호소의 퇴적물 내 중금속 오염도와 이화학적 수질 및 물리적 환경과의 상관분석을 통해 호소 퇴적물 내 중금속 성분과 전반적인 환경요인과의 관계를 확인하였다. 또한 호소를 중금속 오염도에 따라 분류하고, 유형별로 유역 내 오염원을 분석하였다. 상관분석 결과, 해발고도가 높은 곳에 위치하거나 대형 호소일수록 중금속 오염도가 높았다. 군집분석 결과, 국내 호소는 총 5개 그룹으로 분류되었다. 그룹 1은 PLI (오염부하계수)가 2.3 이상으로 매우 높게 나타나 전체적으로 퇴적물 중금속 오염도가 가장 심각하였으며 특히 As, Cd에 의한 중금속 독성 피해 가능성이 매우 높았다. 그룹 2와 3은 PLI 평균이 각각 0.73, 0.60가량으로 중금속 오염 수준이 전반적으로 양호하였다. 그룹 4의 PLI는 약 0.8로 Ni에 의한 오염도가 높게 나타났으며 그룹 5는 PLI 1.0 이상으로 퇴적물 중금속 오염이 심각하였으며 특히 Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Hg에 의한 오염도가 높았다. 퇴적물 내 중금속 오염도가 높았던 그룹 1과 그룹 5는 호소 유역 내 전체 광산 및 석탄, 은, 납 광산의 분포 밀도 또한 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 호소의 규모가 크고 상류에 위치할수록 광산의 영향을 많이 받으며 중금속 오염에 취약할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구 결과는 우리나라에 분포하고 있는 호소에 대한 전반적인 오염 유형 및 오염원에 대한 기초 자료를 제공함으로써 호소 퇴적물 내 중금속에 대한 체계적 관리에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 결과물은 환경부의 재원으로 한국환경산업기술원 수생태계 건강성 확보 기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 연구되었습니다(2020003050003 & 2021003050001).

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