Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitis

  • Lee, Tae Kyung (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Ji Yun (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Cho, Yeon-Jin (Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Eun (Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation) ;
  • Kim, Seo Yeong (Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, Jung Han Yoon (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yang, Hee (Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Ki Won (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2021.01.13
  • Accepted : 2021.10.25
  • Published : 2022.05.01
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Abstract

Background: Short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng (sHCG), which is 1-year-old ginseng seedlings cultivated for 4 weeks in a hydroponic system, is a functional food item with several biological effects. However, the optimal extraction conditions for sHCG, and the bioactivity of its extracts, have not been evaluated. Methods: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and ginsenoside contents were evaluated in sHCG, white ginseng (WG), and red ginseng (RG) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions (temperature and ethanol concentration) to maximize the yield of dry matter, CGA, and four ginsenosides (Re, Rg1, Rb1, and Rd) from sHCG. The optimal extraction conditions were applied to pilot-scale production of sHCG extracts. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-induced thymic and activation-regulated chemokines (TARC/CCL17) were measured after treatment with sHCG, WG, and RG extracts, and the effects of their bioactive compounds (CGA and four ginsenosides) on human skin keratinocytes (HaCaTs) were evaluated. Results: CGA and four ginsenosides, which are bioactive compounds of sHCG, significantly inhibited TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC/CCL17 expression. The optimal sHCG extraction conditions predicted by the RSM models were 80 ℃ and 60% ethanol (v/v). The sHCG extracts produced at the pilot scale under optimal conditions greatly alleviated TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC/CCL17 production compared with WG and RG extracts. Conclusions: Pesticide-free sHCG extracts, which contain high levels of CGA and the ginsenosides Re, Rg1, Rb1, and Rd as bioactive compounds, may have therapeutic potential for atopic diseases.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries via the High Value-Added Food Technology Development Program (no. 116030-3) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, and by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant (no. 2018R1A2A1A05078707) and K-BIO KIURI Center program (no. 2020M3H1A1073304) from Ministry of Science and ICT, and by the BK21 Plus Program of the Department of Agricultural Biotechnology from Seoul National University.

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