DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Perception of Korean Residential Gardens and Gardening in the 1920~30s

1920~30년대 한국 주택정원 인식과 정원가꾸기 양상

  • 길지혜 (이코모스 한국위원회) ;
  • 박희성 (서울시립대학교 서울학연구소)
  • Received : 2022.02.28
  • Accepted : 2022.04.12
  • Published : 2022.04.30

Abstract

The 1920s and 1930s were when new trends became prominent in Korean housing architecture. This study began with a curiosity about the appearance of residential gardens during the transition period, when housing types were changing. Since gardens are constantly evolving and living spaces, it is not easy to give a clear picture of their evolution. However, through popular magazines and newspaper articles published in the 1920-30s, this study investigated how people perceived the gardens socially and how they engaged in gardening. First, the study of Gyeongseong's urbanization process revealed that people perceived gardens as a way to give natural beauty to the urban environment. Therefore, the creation of a residential garden was strongly encouraged. Second, the housing improvement movement, which the architects actively discussed during this period, emphasized that a garden is a factor that can help improve the quality of the residential environment in terms of hygiene and landscape aesthetics. Third, since the media provided information on gardening, it was confirmed that the number of people engaged in gardening as a hobby increased. As designers and gardeners who had received a modern education became more active, the concept of "designed gardens" was formed. Lastly, although the houses were divided into various types, the shapes of the gardens did not show a significant difference according to the architecture type. They tended to embrace the time's ideal garden design and style. Therefore, even in a traditional hanok, Western-style gardens were naturally harmonized into the overall architecture, and exotic plant species could be found. Although the gardens found in media images were limited to those belonging to the homes of the intelligentsia, it can be seen that representativeness was secured, considering the popularity and ripple effect of the media. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature as it confirmed the ideal gardens and gardening methods in the 1920s and 30s.

1920~30년대는 한국 주택환경에 새로운 경향이 두드러지게 나타난 시기로 평가된다. 본 연구는 주거 형태와 유형이 변화하던 전환기 시기에 주택의 정원은 어떤 모습이었을지에 대한 궁금증에서 출발하였다. 정원은 계속 변화하는 대상이기에 과거의 모습을 파악하기 어려운 측면이 많지만, 1920~30년대에 발행된 대중잡지와 신문기사를 통해 당시 사회적으로 주택에서 정원이 어떻게 인식되었고, 거주자는 어떤 배경과 목적으로 정원 가꾸기를 실천하였는지 확인하고자 했다. 연구를 통해, 첫째, 경성에 인구가 밀집하기 시작한 도시화 과정에서 정원은 도시에 자연미를 부여하는 방안 중 하나로 주목하게 되었고, 주택마다 정원을 만드는 것을 장려하게 되었음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 건축 분야에서 활발히 추진된 주택개량운동에서도 정원이 위생과 경관 측면에서 주거환경의 질을 높이는 데 도움이 될 수 있는 요소임을 강조하였다. 셋째, 매체를 통해 원예 관련 정보가 활발히 제공된 데서 미루어 취미로 정원을 가꾸는 사람들이 늘어가는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 근대 교육을 받은 정원설계가, 원예가들의 활동이 활발해지며 '디자인된 정원'이라는 개념이 형성되게 되었다. 끝으로, 주택은 다양한 유형으로 분화되었으나 정원 형태는 건축 유형별로 차이가 있기보다는 그 시기 가장 좋게 여겨졌던 형태를 빠르게 도입하는 편이었다. 전통한옥에서도 서양식 정원 형태가 자연스럽게 어우러지도록 배치되며, 이국적 식물종을 식재에 적극 활용하기도 했다. 대중잡지나 기사에 수록된 정원이 지식인층에 한정되어 있지만, 매체의 대중성과 파급효과를 고려하면 일면의 대표성을 확보한다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 의의는 1920~30년대 이상적으로 생각하였던 정원의 모습, 주거생활의 모습을 확인할 수 있었다는 데 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 성과는 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(No. 2019R1A2C1090850)

References

  1. Gajungjiwoo(가정지우) Somyungbooks(2014) Adanmungo Unpublish ed Data Collection 2014 Vol. 15, 16. Seoul: Somyungbooks.
  2. Huh, Y. J. and D. S. Woo(2013) The western-style mansions in Seoul in the Late 1930s - Focusing on three mansions designed by Korean Architects. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning and Design 29(7): 181-188. https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_PD.2013.29.7.181
  3. Huh, Y. J.(2013) A Study on the Western-Style Mansions in Seoul in the Early 20th Century, Master's Thesis. The Korean National University of Arts.
  4. Jin, H. Y. and H. S. Shin(2020) A basic study on the characteristics of the modern garden in Incheon during the opening period. Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 38(3): 83-91. https://doi.org/10.14700/KITLA.2020.38.3.083
  5. Jun, M. K.(2007) A study of new family and family report in the 1920s-1930s. Family and Culture 19(4): 103-130. https://doi.org/10.21478/family.19.4.200712.004
  6. Kim, G. S.(1992) Korean Magazine History(한국잡지사연구), Center for Korean Studies.
  7. Kim, H. G.(2016) A study on the interpretation of modern garden landscaping with a focus on Byeoksusanjang. The Journal of Seoul Studies 62: 59-93. https://doi.org/10.17647/jss.2016.02.62.59
  8. Kim, M. J.(2009a) A Study on the Aspects of Appropration of Modern Dwelling through the Mass Media, 1920~1930's. Master's Thesis of the University of Seoul.
  9. Kim, M. S. and W. G. Sim(2002) A study of the discourses about 'Housing Improvement' on 「KaeByeok」in the early 1920s. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning and Design 18(10): 115-122.
  10. Kim, S. W. and S. K. Song(1998) The beginning and transformation of eclectic style in Korean architecture, during 1920-30s. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning and Design 14(12): 165-174.
  11. Kim, Y. B.(2009b) A Study on the Ideological Background of Modernization of Korean Urban Dwelling through 'Mun-Hwa'(Modern) Residence in Japanese Colonial Period. Doctoral Dissertation. Hanyang University.
  12. Lee, H. J. and S. C. Chin(2016) A study on imaging characteristics of the modern garden. The Journal of Korean Cultural Heritage 18: 63-99.
  13. Lee, K. A.(2019) Residential District in Keijyo (Seoul). Seoul: Jip.
  14. Lee, K. M., J. G. Bae and H. S. Shin(2021) A process and contrast characteristics of the modern garden formation of modern housing in Seoul. Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture: International Edition 19: 22-32.
  15. Lee, Y. K(2017) The concept of sanitation in Korean modern architecture: Its introduction and adaptation in the early 20th century, with a focus on the analysis of articles of physicians on Chosen to Kenchiku('朝鮮と建築') journal. Korean Journal of Urban History 18: 31-64. https://doi.org/10.22345/kjuh.2017.10.18.31
  16. Paik, J. H.(2005) The Origins of the Sweet Home(스위트홈의 기원), Salim.
  17. Park, C. J. and B. H. Jeon(2002) The socio-economical background and characteristics of plan of urban traditional housing in Seoul of 1930s. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning and Design 18(7): 95-106.
  18. Park, C. S.(2006) A study on ideal dwelling space discovered in 'Family Visit Report' of women's magazines in 1930s. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning and Design 22(7): 39-48.
  19. Park, S. W.(2013) A Comparative Study on the Planning Factors of Han, Sang Ryong's and Yoo, Jin Kyung's Hanok, Master's Thesis. Korea National University of Arts.
  20. Singajung(신가정) Somyungbooks(2014) Adanmungo Unpublished D ata Collection 2014 Vol. 01~14. Seoul: Somyungbooks.
  21. Son, J. M.(1996) Process of Urbanization During Japanese Colonial Era. Seoul: Iljisa.
  22. Woorizip(우리집) Somyungbooks(2014) Adanmungo Unpublished Dat a Collection 2014 Vol. 28. Seoul: Somyungbooks.
  23. Yeoseong(여성) Somyungbooks(2014) Adanmungo Unpublished Data Collection 2014 Vol. 35~39. Seoul: Somyungbooks.
  24. Yoo, Y. H.(1996) The changing process in the dwelling style of traditional housing in the modernization process(근대화 과정에서 전통 한옥 주거양식의 변화과정). The Journal of Seoul Studies 7: 127-158.
  25. Yum, B. K.(2015) The Road to Garden City - The process and implications of the building of the Namsan ring road in Kyungseong under the Japancese imperialist regime in Korea. Korean Journal of Urban History 13: 61-85. https://doi.org/10.22345/kjuh.2015.4.13.61
  26. Yun, I. S.(1996) Korean architects - Park Gil-Ryong(2). Korean Architects 328: 72-77.
  27. Chosunilbo(조선일보) https://newslibrary.naver.com/
  28. Dongailbo(동아일보) https://newslibrary.naver.com/
  29. Dongnip Sinmun(독립신문) https://www.bigkinds.or.kr/v2/news/oldNews.do