Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea (대한건축학회논문집)

Architectural Institute of Korea (대한건축학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of Differences in Dimensional Perception of Augmented Reality Contents According to User Characteristics

사용자 특성에 따른 증강현실 콘텐츠 치수지각 차이 비교

  • Han, Won-Hee (Dept. of Interior Design, Soongsil University) ;
  • Kim, Ju-Yeon (School of Architecture, Soongsil University)
  • Received : 2022.02.21
  • Accepted : 2022.04.12
  • Published : 2022.04.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Augmented reality (AR) space enables humans to interact and experience various fields in a real space. Particularly, in the fields of design and education, AR leverages virtual content by introducing it into existing learning curricula and extends the technological benefits through interactivity and immersion. In this study, a research method was established by subdividing the user's spatial perception range in an augmented reality environment and empirically verifying the differences in dimensional response. An experiment was designed from literature and previous studies on whether the factors of an AR concept and empathy affect users. The 1:1 and 1:20 scale divides the sense of empathy in AR by the difference in the scale to understand how it affects dimensional perception. A total of 129 participants were recruited based on classification and characteristics and divided into two groups: individuals who experienced design education and those who did not. The data extracted defined perceptual characteristic variables according to a user's traits involving gender, height, experience in the AR environment and design education. Statistical analysis such as cross-analysis was carried out to determine the difference in the ratio of the dimensional response range; they were based on user characteristics, independent sample t-test and a one-way ANOVA analysis to find the dimensional differences for each characteristic. This confirmed that there was a difference in the perceptual characteristics in the 1:1 scale and the 1:20 scale. Additionally, different scales had different effects on user characteristics such as AR experience and design education. This study was different from previous studies in that it confirmed the practical design education effectiveness of AR through user-centered data, unlike the studies that devised various methods to utilize AR in the existing design field.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2017년도 정부(미래창조과학부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임. (NO. NRF-2017R1A2B2007276)

References

  1. Armstrong, T. (1994). Multiple intelligences: seven ways to approach curriculum. Educational Leadership, 52, 26-28.
  2. Arnheim R. (2004). Visual thinking, (Kim J. O.), Ewha Womans University Press. (Original work published 1969)
  3. Azuma, R. T. (1997). A survey of augmented reality, presence: Teleoperator &. Virtual Environment, 6(4), 355-385. https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1997.6.4.355
  4. Blumenfeld, Hans. (1953). Scale in civic design. Town Planning Review. 24(1), 35-46 https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.24.1.b453j688031u163k
  5. Chang, Y. S., Hu, K. J., Chiang, C. W., & Lugmayr, A. (2019). Applying mobile augmented reality (AR) to teach interior design students in layout plans: evaluation of learning effectiveness based on the arcs model of learning motivation theory. Sensors (Basel), 20(1). doi:10.3390/s20010105
  6. Choi, H. S. (2021). Research on spatial scale education using VR, Thesis, Chung-Ang University.
  7. Clements, M. A. (1983). The question of how spatial ability is defined and its relevance to mathematics education, Zentralblatt fur didaktik der mathematik 15, 8-20.
  8. Creem-Regehr, S. H., Willemsen, P., Gooch, A. A., & Thompson, W. B. (2005). The influence of restricted viewing conditions on egocentric distance perception: Implications for real and virtual environments. Perception 34(2), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.1068/p5144
  9. Diaz, C., Walker, M., Szafir, D. A., & Szafir, D. (2017). Designing for depth perceptions in augmented reality. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 111-122.
  10. Gao, Y., Peillard, E., Normand, J. M., Moreau, G., Liu, Y., & Wang, Y. (2019). Influence of virtual objects' shadows and lighting coherence on distance perception in optical see through augmented reality. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 28(2), 117-135. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.832
  11. Goldstein E. (2007), Sensation and perception, Cengage Learning.
  12. Gye, B. K., Kim, J. K., & Ryu, J. H. (2007). Educational understanding of augmented reality, Korea Educational Research and Information Service.
  13. Han, S., & Lim, C. (2020). Research trends on augmented reality education in korea from 2008 to 2019. Journal of Educational Technology, 36(3), 505-528. https://doi.org/10.17232/kset.36.3.505
  14. Han, W. H. (2022). User Visual Perception and Cognitive Characteristics of Augmented Reality Contents According to Spatial Scale, Thesis, Soongsil University
  15. Han, W. H., & Kim, J. Y. (2019). A study on the system components and program trends of AR technology, Paper presented at the meeting of Korea Institute of Interior Design, 21(3).
  16. Hong M. J. (2018). Research on Pixel Art Instructional Guidance to Improve Spatial Perception, Thesis, Dankook University
  17. Hyung, S. H. (2011). Research on Adjusting the Axial Spacing of Stereoscopic Images, Thesis, Chung-Ang University
  18. Jones, J. A., Swan II, J. E., Singh, G., Franck, J., & Ellis, S.R. (2009). The effects of continued exposure to medium field augmented and virtual reality on the perception of egocentric depth. Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, 138.
  19. Jones, J. A., Swan II, J. E., Singh, G., Kolstad, E., & Ellis, S.R. (2008). The effects of virtual reality, augmented reality, and motion parallax on egocentric depth perception. Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, 9-14.
  20. Kim, Y. I., Kwon, S. B., Kwon, S. W., & Paeng, J. S. (2020). The effect of augmented reality-based language intervention program experience on the awareness and educational application of special teachers and speech-language pathologists. Journal of special education : theory and practice, 21(1), 191-217. doi:10.19049/jsped.2020.21.1.09.
  21. Kim, J. Y., Han, W. H., & Kim. J. H. (2020). Perception of the user's spatial dimension in real and virtual reality, Journal of the Korean Society of Living and Environment, 27(4), 397-405. https://doi.org/10.21086/ksles.2020.08.27.4.397
  22. Kyto, M., Makinen, A., Hakkinen, J., & Oittinen, P. (2013). Improving relative depth judgments in augmented reality with auxiliary augmentations. The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP), 10(1), 1-21.
  23. Lee, J. H. (2018). A study on the educational use of augmented reality based mobile education content - case analysis of mobile augmented reality application for education. Journal of the Korean Society Design Culture, 24(1), 569-585. doi:10.18208/ksdc.2018.24.1.569
  24. Lee, Y. S. (2015). Characteristics of Interaction between Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality, Ph, D. Dissertaion, Hongik University.
  25. Lim, G. D. (2007). Recognition of the size of an object expressed on a digital screen, Digital Design Research, 7(1), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.17280/jdd.2007.7.1.023
  26. Linn, M. C., & Peterson, A. C. (1985). Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis, Child Development 56(6), 1479-1498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00213.x
  27. McGee, M. G. (1979). Human spatial abilities: Psychometric studies and environmental, genetic, hormonal, and neurological influences, Psychological Bulletin, 86(5), 889-918. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.5.889
  28. Milgram, P., Takemura, H., Utsumi, A. & Kishino, F. (1994). Augmented reality: a class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum. Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies, SPIE, 2351, 282-292.
  29. Ministry of Education Press. (2015). Revision Curriculum
  30. Ministry of Education Press. (2018). Implementation of digital textbook and software education, the first step in future education.
  31. Oh, S. H., & Kim, W. K. (2013). Scale practice for architecture and urban design, Architectural Urban Space Research Institute.
  32. Oh, Y. G. (2002). Human scale theory, construction and cultural history.
  33. Oh, Y. T. (2019). Next-generation augmented reality device trend, Weekly Technology Trend, No. 1888
  34. Palmisano, S., Gillam, B., Govan, D. G. Allison, R. S., & Harris, J. M. (2010). Stereoscopic perception of real depths at large distances. Journal of Vision, 10(6), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1167/10.6.1
  35. Philbeck, J. W., & Loomis, J. M. (1997). Comparison of two indicators of perceived egocentric distance under full-cue and reduced-cue conditions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23(1), 72-85. https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.23.1.72
  36. Swan, J. E., Jones, A., Kolstad, E., Livingston, M. A., & Smallman, H. S. (2007). Egocentric depth judgments in optical, see-through augmented reality. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 13(3), 429-442.
  37. Yoo, H. J. (1999). The story of architectural design, Munundang.