Acknowledgement
This research is based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA2386-17-1-4081 and the Institute of Engineering Research at Seoul National University. The authors are grateful for their supports.
References
- Abdulrahim, M. (2005), "Flight performance characteristics of a biologically-inspired morphing aircraft", 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 345, January.
- Abdulrahim, M. and Lind, R. (2004), "Flight testing and response characteristics of a variable gull-wing morphing aircraft", AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit, 5113. August.
- Ajaj, R.M., Flores, E.S., Friswell, M.I., Allegri, G., Woods, B.K.S., Isikveren, A.T. and Dettmer, W.G. (2013), "The Zigzag wingbox for a span morphing wing", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 28(1), 364-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2012.12.002.
- Ajaj, R.M., Friswell, M.I., Bourchak, M. and Harasani, W. (2016), "Span morphing using the GNATSpar wing", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 53, 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2016.03.009.
- Andersen, G., Cowan, D. and Piatak, D. (2007), "Aeroelastic modeling, analysis and testing of a morphing wing structure", 48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, 1734, April.
- Barbarino, S., Bilgen, O., Ajaj, R.M., Friswell, M.I. and Inman, D.J. (2011), "A review of Morphing aircraft", J. Intel. Mater. Syst. Struct., 22(9), 823-877. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X11414084.
- Bourdin, P., Gatto, A. and Friswell, M.I. (2008), "Aircraft control via variable cant-angle winglets", J. Aircraft, 45(2), 414-423. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.27720.
- Cuji, E. and Garcia, E. (2008), "Aircraft dynamics for symmetric and asymmetric V-shape Morphing wings", Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, Vol. 43321, 579-588, January.
- Dale, A., Cooper, J.E. and Mosquera, A. (2013), "Adaptive Camber-Morphing wing using 0-? Honeycomb", 54th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, 1510.
- Detrick, M. and Washington, G. (2007), "Modeling and design of a morphing wing for micro unmanned aerial vehicles via active twist", 48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, 1788, April.
- Dimino, I., Ciminello, M., Gratias, A., Schueller, M. and Pecora, R. (2017), "Control system design for a morphing wing trailing edge", Smart Structures and Materials, 175-193, Springer, Cham.
- Elzey, D.M., Sofla, A.Y.N. and Wadley, H.N. (2003), "A bio-inspired high-authority actuator for shape morphing structures", Smart Sstructures and Materials 2003: Active Materials: Behavior and Mechanics, Vol. 5053, 92-100, August.
- de Marmier, P. and Wereley, N. (2003), "Control of sweep using pneumatic actuators to morph wings of small scale UAVs", 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, 1802.
- De Temmerman, N. (2007), "Design and analysis of deployable bar structures for mobile architectural applications", Ph.D. Dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
- Finistauri, A.D. and Xi, F.J. (2009), "Type synthesis and kinematics of a modular variable geometry truss mechanism for aircraft wing morphing", 2009 ASME/IFToMM International Conference on Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots, 478-485.
- Fenci, G.E. and Currie, N.G. (2017), "Deployable structures classification: A review", Int. J. Space Struct., 32(2), 112-130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266351117711290.
- Joo, J.J., Marks, C.R., Zientarski, L. and Culler, A.J. (2015), "Variable camber compliant wing-design 23rd AIAA", AHS Adaptive Structures Conference.
- Kimaru, J. and Bouferrouk, A. (2017), "Design, manufacture and test of a camber morphing wing using MFC actuated mart rib", 2017 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE), 791-796, July.
- Langbecker, T. (1999), "Kinematic analysis of deployable scissor structures", Int. J. Space Struct., 14(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1260/0266351991494650.
- Majji, M., Rediniotis, O. and Junkins, J. (2007), "Design of a morphing wing: modeling and experiments", AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit, 6310, August.
- Marks, C.R., Zientarski, L., Culler, A.J., Hagen, B., Smyers, B.M. and Joo, J.J. (2015), "Variable camber compliant wing-wind tunnel testing", 23rd AIAA/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference, 1051.
- Marques, M., Gamboa, P. and Andrade, E. (2009), "Design and testing of a variable camber flap for improved efficiency", The Applied Vehicle Technology Panel Symposium (AVT-168), April.
- Mestrinho, J., Gamboa, P. and Santos, P. (2011), "Design optimization of a variable-span morphing wing for a small UAV", 52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference 19th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference 13t, 2025.
- Monner, H., Kintscher, M., Lorkowski, T. and Storm, S. (2009), "Design of a smart droop nose as leading edge high lift system for transportation aircrafts", 50th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference 17th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference 11th AIAA No, 2128, May.
- Pagani, A., Zappino, E., de Miguel, A.G., Martilla, V. and Carrera, E. (2019), "Full field strain measurements of composite wing by digital image correlation", Adv. Aircraft Spacecraft Sci., 6(1), 69-86. https://doi.org/10.12989/aas.2019.6.1.069.
- Prabhakar, N., Prazenica, R.J. and Gudmundsson, S. (2015), "Dynamic analysis of a variable-span, variablesweep morphing UAV", 2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 1-12, March.
- Raither, W., Heymanns, M., Bergamini, A. and Ermanni, P. (2013), "Morphing wing structure with controllable twist based on adaptive bending-twist coupling", Smart Mater. Struct., 22(6), 065017. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/22/6/065017.
- Rivero, A.E., Weaver, P.M., Cooper, J.E. and Woods, B.K. (2017), "Progress on the design, analysis and experimental testing of a composite fish bone active camber Morphing wing", ICAST 2017: 28th International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies, 1-11, October.
- Rivero, A.E., Weaver, P.M., Cooper, J.E. and Woods, B.K. (2018), "Parametric structural modelling of fish bone active camber morphing aerofoils", J. Intel. Mater Syst. Struct., 29(9), 2008-2026. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X18758182.
- Roovers, K. and De Temmerman, N. (2017), "Deployable scissor grids consisting of translational units", Int. J. Solid. Struct., 121, 45-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2017.05.015.
- Seow, A.K., Liu, Y. and Yeo, W.K. (2008), "Shape memory alloy as actuator to deflect a wing flap", 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, 16th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference, 10th AIAA Non-Deterministic Approaches Conference, 9th AIAA Gossamer Spacecraft Forum, 4th AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialists Conference, 1704.
- Sofla, A.Y.N., Meguid, S.A., Tan, K.T. and Yeo, W.K. (2010), "Shape morphing of aircraft wing: Status and challenges", Mater. Des., 31(3), 1284-1292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.09.011.
- Tarabi, A., Ghasemloo, S. and Mani, M. (2016), "Experimental investigation of a variable-span morphing wing model for an unmanned aerial vehicle", J. Brazil. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., 38(7), 1833-1841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-015-0405-6.
- Vocke III, R.D., Kothera, C.S., Woods, B.K. and Wereley, N.M. (2011), "Development and testing of a span-extending morphing wing", J. Intel. Mater. Syst. Struct., 22(9), 879-890. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X11411121.
- Vos, R., Gurdal, Z. and Abdalla, M. (2010), "Mechanism for warp-controlled twist of a morphing wing", J. Aircraft, 47(2), 450-457. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.39328.
- Wlezien, R.W., Horner, G.C., McGowan, A.M.R., Padula, S.L., Scott, M.A., Silcox, R.J. and Harrison, J.S. (1998), "Aircraft morphing program", Smart Structures and Materials 1998: Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies, Vol. 3326, 176-187.
- Yokozeki, T., Sugiura, A. and Hirano, Y. (2014), "Development and wind tunnel test of variable camber morphing wing", 22nd AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference, 1261.
- Yokozeki, T., Sugiura, A. and Hirano, Y. (2014a), "Development of variable camber morphing airfoil using corrugated structure", J. Aircraft, 51(3), 1023-1029. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C032573.
- Zhang, J., Shaw, A.D., Wang, C., Gu, H., Amoozgar, M., Friswell, M.I. and Woods, B.K. (2021), "Aeroelastic model and analysis of an active camber morphing wing", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 111, 106534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2021.106534.
- Zhao, J.S., Chu, F. and Feng, Z.J. (2009), "The mechanism theory and application of deployable structures based on SLE", Mech. Mach. Theory, 44(2), 324-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2008.03.014.