DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Economic Value Analysis of the Potential Wind Farm Site Using the Black-Scholes Model

블랙 숄즈 모델을 이용한 잠재적 풍력발전 위치의 경제적 가치분석

  • Jaehun, Sim (Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Changwon National University)
  • 심재훈 (창원대학교 산업시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2022.09.15
  • Accepted : 2022.10.24
  • Published : 2022.12.31

Abstract

To mitigate the environmental impacts of the energy sector, the government of South Korea has made a continuous effort to facilitate the development and commercialization of renewable energy. As a result, the efficiency of renewable energy plants is not a consideration in the potential site selection process. To contribute to the overall sustainability of this increasingly important sector, this study utilizes the Black-Scholes model to evaluate the economic value of potential sites for off-site wind farms, while analyzing the environmental mitigation of these potential sites in terms of carbon emission reduction. In order to incorporate the importance of flexibility and uncertainty factors in the evaluation process, this study has developed a site evaluation model focused on system dynamics and real option approaches that compares the expected revenue and expected cost during the life cycle of off-site wind farm sites. Using sensitivity analysis, this study further investigates two uncertainty factors (namely, investment cost and wind energy production) on the economic value and carbon emission reduction of potential wind farm locations.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Changwon National University in 2021~2022.

References

  1. Abdel-Basset, M., Gamal, A., Chakrabortty, K.R., and Ryan M., A new hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach for location selection of sustainable offshore wind energy stations: A case study, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, Vol. 280, pp. 123362. 
  2. Angelakoglou, K., Botsari, N.P., and Gaidajis, G., Issues regarding wind turbines positioning: A benchmark study with the application of the life cycle assessment approach, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessment, 2014, Vol. 5, pp. 7-18.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2013.10.006
  3. Aquila, G., de Queiroz, A.R., Balestrassi, P.P., Rotella Junior, P., Rocha, L.C.S., Pamplona, O., and Nakamura, W.T., Wind energy investments facing uncertainties in the Brazilian electricity spot market: A real options approach, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2020. Vol. 42, pp. 100876. 
  4. Assereto, M. and Byrne, J., No real option for solar in Ireland: A real option valuation of utility scale solar investment in Ireland, Renewable and sustainable Energy Review, 2021, Vol. 143, pp. 1-9. 
  5. Black, F. and Scholes, M., The pricing of options and corporate liabilities, The Journal of Political Economy, 1973, Vol. 81, pp. 637-654.  https://doi.org/10.1086/260062
  6. Cali, U., Erdogan, N., Kucuksari, S., and Argin, M., Techno-economic analysis of high potential offshore wind farm locations in Turkey, Energy Strategy Reviews, 2018, Vol. 22, pp. 325-336.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2018.10.007
  7. Chiang, C.A., Keoleian, A.G., Moore, R.M., and Kelly C.J., 2016. Investment cost and view damaged cost of siting on offshore wind farm: A spatial analysis of Lake Michigan, Renewable Energy, Vol. 96, pp. 966-976.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.075
  8. Chaouachi, A., Covrig C.F., and Ardelean, M., Multi-criteria selection of offshore wind farms: Case study for the Baltic States, Energy Policy, 2017, Vol. 103, pp. 179-192.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.01.018
  9. Cranmer, A., Baker, E., Liesio, J., and Salo, A., A portfolio model for siting offshore wind farms with economic and environmental objectives, European Journal of Operational Research, 2018, Vol. 267, pp. 304-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.11.026
  10. Cuervo, F.I., Arredondo-Orozco, C.A., and Marenco-Maldonado, G.C., Photovoltaic power purchase agreement valuation under real options approach, Renewable Energy Focus, 2021, Vol. 36, pp. 96-107.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2020.12.006
  11. Deveci, M., Cali, U., Kucuksari, S., and Erdogan, N., Interval type-2 fuzzy sets based multi-criteria decision-making model for offshore wind farm development in Ireland, Energy, 2020, Vol. 198, pp. 117317.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117322
  12. Dicorato, M., Forte, G., Pisani, M., and Trovato, M., Guidelines for assessment of investment cost for offshore wind generation, Renewable Energy, 2011, Vol. 36, pp. 2043-2051.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.01.003
  13. Fuss, S. and Szolgayova, J., Fuel price and technological uncertainty in a real options model for electricity planning, Applied Energy, 2010. Vol. 87, pp. 2938-2944.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.05.020
  14. Gao, J., Guo, F., Ma, Z., Huang, X., and Li, X., Multi-criteria ground decision making framework for offshore wind farm site selection based on the intuitionistic linguistic aggregation operators, Energy, 2020., Vol. 204, pp. 117899. 
  15. Jeon, C., Lee, J., and Shin, J., Optimal subsidy estimation method using system dynamics and the real option model: Photovoltaic technology case, Applied Energy, 2015, Vol. 142, pp. 33-43.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.067
  16. Kim, J., A study on the improvement plans of the IMO's regulation for the greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping, Regional Industry Review, 2018, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 237-260.  https://doi.org/10.33932/rir.41.1.12
  17. Kim, K., Kim, B., and Kim, H., A decision-making model for the analysis of offshore wind farm projects under climate uncertainties: A case study of South Korea, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, Vol. 94, pp. 853-860.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.06.061
  18. Kim, K., Lee, D., and Park, S., Evaluation of R&D investments in wind power in Korea using real option, Renewable Sustainable Energy Review, 2014. Vol. 40, pp. 335-347.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.165
  19. Kim, T., Park, J., and Maeng, J., Offshore wind farm site selection study around Jeju Island, South Korea, Renewable Energy, 2016, Vol. 94, pp. 619-628.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.083
  20. Kim, J., Oh, K., Kang, K., and Lee, J., Site selection of offshore wind farms around the Korean Peninsula through economic evaluation, Renewable Energy, 2013, Vol. 54, pp. 189-185. 
  21. Korea Nuclear Society (KNS), The report of energy mix analysis, Special Committee on Energy Mix, 2021. 
  22. Kozlova, M., Real option valuation in renewable energy literature: Research focus, trends and design, Renewable and sustainable Energy Review, 2017, Vol. 80, pp. 180-196.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.166
  23. Kwon, T., Market or regulation for renewable energy policies in Korea, Journal of Koren Economic Development, 2018, Vol. 67, pp. 1-26. 
  24. Lee, D., Yun, S., Kim, S., and Jeong, K., Economic evaluation of offshore wind power demonstration project by the real option method, Korean Economic Review, 2012, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 1-26. 
  25. Martinez-Cesena, E.A. and Mutale, J., Wind power projects planning considering real options for the wind resource assessment, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2012. Vol. 3, pp. 158-166.  https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2011.2164102
  26. Mytilinou, V. and Kolios, J.A., Techno-economic optimisation of offshore wind farms based on life cycle cost analysis on the UK, Renewable Energy, 2019, Vol. 132, pp. 439-454.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.146
  27. Oh, K., Kim, J., Lee, J., and Ryu, K., Wind resource assessment around Korean peninsula for feasibility study on 100 MW class offshore wind farm, Renewable Energy, 2012, Vol. 42, pp. 217-226.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.08.012
  28. Rodrigues, M., Silva, V., Barcelos, E., Silva, C., and Dentinho, T., Goegraphical information systems and cost benefit analysis-based approach for wind power feasibility: a case study of Teceira Island, Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2015, Vol. 7, pp. 053115. 
  29. Wu, Y., Zhang, J., Yuan, J., Geng, S., and Zhang, H., Study of decision framework of offshore wind power station site selection based on ELECTRE-III under intuitionistic fuzzy environment: A cash of China, Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, Vol. 113, pp. 66-81.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.01.020
  30. Xu, Y., Li, Y., Zheng, L., Cui, L., Li, S., Li, W., and Cai, Y., Site selection of wind farms using GIS and multi-criteria decision-making method in Wafangdian, China, Energy, 2020, Vol. 207, pp. 118222. 
  31. Yeh, T. and Huang, Y., Factors in determining wind farm location: Integrating GQM, fuzzy DEMATEL, and ANP, Renewable Energy, 2014., Vol. 66, pp. 159-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.12.003