과제정보
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF- 2019S1A5C2A03083499).
참고문헌
- E. Van den Broeck, B. Zarouali, and K. Poels, "Chatbot advertising effectiveness: When does the message get through?" Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 98, pp. 150-157, September 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.009
- C. Popescu, "Chatbots as marketing communication tool," FAIMA Business & Management Journal, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 62-75, September 2020.
- B. Reeves and C. Nass, The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places. Center for the Study of Language and Information, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
- A. Beattie, A. P. Edwards, and C. Edwards, "A bot and a smile: Interpersonal impressions of chatbots and humans using emoji in computer-mediated communication," Communication Studies, Vol. 71, No. 3, pp. 409-427, February 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2020.1725082
- Y. Trope and N. Liberman, "Construal-level theory of psychological distance," Psychological Review, Vol. 117, No. 2, pp. 440-463, April 2020, doi: 10.1037/a0018963
- R. M. Schuetzler, J. S. Giboney, G. M. Grimes, and J. F. Nunamaker, J. F., "The influence of conversational agent embodiment and conversational relevance on socially desirable responding," Decision Support Systems, Vol. 114, pp. 94-102, August 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2018.08.011
- American Psychological Association, Anthropomorphism. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/anthropomorphism.
- G. M. Grimes, R. M. Schuetzler, and J. S. Giboney, "Mental models and expectation violations in conversational AI interactions," Decision Support Systems, Vol. 144, pp. 1-10, January 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2021.113515
- X. Li and Y. Sung, "Anthropomorphism brings us closer: The mediating role of psychological distance in User-AI assistant interactions," Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 118, pp. 1-9, January 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106680
- E., Robles, C. Nass, and A. Kahn, "The social life of information displays: How screens shape psychological responses in social contexts," Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 24, pp. 48-78, April 2009, DOI: 10.1080/07370020902739320
- P. Mishra, "Affective feedback from computers and its effect on perceived ability and affect: A test of the computers as social actor hypothesis," Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 107-131, January 2006.
- Y. Bar-Anan, N. Liberman, and Y. Trope, "The association between psychological distance and construal level evidence from an implicit association test," Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Vol. 135, No. 4, pp. 609-622, November 2006, DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.135.4.609
- L. E. Park, A. F. Young, and P. W. Eastwick, "(Psychological) distance makes the heart grow fonder: Effects of psychological distance and relative intelligence on men's attraction to women," Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 11, pp. 1459-1473, November 2015, DOI: 10.1177/0146167215599749
- L. Van Boven, J. Kane, A. P. McGraw, and J. Dale, "Feeling close: Emotional intensity reduces perceived psychological distance," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 98, No. 6, pp. 872-885, June 2010, DOI: 10.1037/a0019262
- A. Todorov, A. Goren, and Y. Trope, "Probability as a psychological distance: Construal and preferences," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 43, pp. 473-482, May 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.04.002
- S. Y. Rim, K. E. Min, P. J. Liu, T. L. Chartrand, and Y. Trope, "The gift of psychological closeness: How feasible versus desirable gifts reduce psychological distance to the giver," Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 360-371, July 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218784899
- E. Stephan, N. Liberman, and Y. Trope, "Politeness and psychological distance: A construal level perspective," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 98, No. 2, pp. 268-280, February 2010, DOI: 10.1037/a0016960
- N. Epley, A. Waytz, and J. T. Cacioppo, "On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism," Psychological Review, Vol. 114, No. 4, pp. 864-886, October 2007, DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.864
- B. Sheehan, H. S. Jin, and U. Gottlieb, "Customer service chatbots: Anthropomorphism and adoption," Journal of Business Research, Vol. 115, pp. 14-24, July 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.030
- J. Zlotowski, D. Proudfoot, K. Yogeeswaran, and C. Bartneck, "Anthropomorphism: Opportunities and challenges in human-robot interaction," International Journal of Social Robotics, Vol. 7, pp. 347-360, June 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0267-6
- M. Blut, C. Wang, N. V. Wunderlich, and C. Brock, "Understanding anthropomorphism in service provision: A meta-analysis of phsycial robots, chatbots, and other AI," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 49, pp. 632-658, January 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-020-00762-y
- M. M. E. Van Pinxteren, M. Pluymaekers, and J. G. A. M. Lemmink, "Human-like communication in conversational agents: A literature review and research agenda," Journal of Service Management, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 203-225, September 2020, DOI 10.1108/JOSM-06-2019-0175
- A. P. Chaves and M. A. Gerosa, "How should my chatbot interact? A survey on social characteristics in human-chatbot interaction design," International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 729-758, November 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1841438
- T. Araujo, "Living up to the chatbot hype: The influence of anthropomorphic design cues and communicative agency framing on conversational agent and company perceptions," Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 85, pp. 183-189, August 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.051
- R. De Cicco, S. C. Silva, and F. R. Alparone, "Millennials' attitude toward chatbots: An experimental study in a social relationship perspective," International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 48, No. 11, pp. 1213-1233, July 2020, DOI:10.1108/ijrdm-12-2019-0406
- S. Moussa, "Measuring brand personality using emoji: Findings from Mokken scaling," Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 28, pp. 116-132, March 2021, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-020-00220-8
- D. Westerman, A. C. Cross, and P. G. Lindmark, "I believe in a thing called bot: Perceptions of the humanness of "chatbots"," Communication studies, Vol. 70, No. 3, pp. 295-312, July 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2018.1557233
- M. Dascal, "Conversational relevance," Journal of Pragmatics, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1977, pp. 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(77)90026-1
- E. C. Ling, I. Tussyadiah, A. Tuomi, J. Stienmetz, and A. Ioannou, "Factors influencing users' adoption and use of conversational agents: A systematic review," Psychology & Marketing, Vol. 38, No. 7, pp. 1031-1051, April 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21491
- A. E. Clark and G. R. Semin, "Receivers' expectations for abstract versus concrete construal: Conversational relevance as a determinant of construal level," Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 155-167, January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X07313645
- L. Lo Presti, G. Maggiore, and V. Marino, "The role of the chatbot on customer purchase intention: Towards digital relational sales," Italian Journal of Marketing, pp. 165-188, June 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s43039-021-00029-6
- C. Yen and M. Chiang, "Trust me, if you can: A study on the factors that influence consumers' purchase intention triggered by chatbots based on brain image evidence and self-reported assessments," Behaviour & Information Technology, Vol. 40, No. 11, pp. 1177-1194, March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2020.1743362
- M. C. Han, "The impact of anthropomorphism on consumers' purchase decision in chatbot commerce," Journal of Internet Commerce, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 46-65, January 2021, DOI:10.1080/15332861.2020.1863022
- Geekprank. https://geekprank.com/chat-screenshot/.
- C. Bartneck, D. Kulic, E. Croft, and S. Zoghbi, "Measurement instruments for the anthropomorphism, animacy, likability, perceived intelligence, and perceived safety of robots," International Journal of Social Robotics, Vol. 1, pp. 71-82, January 2009, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-008-0001-3
- J. K. Goodman and S. Lim, "When consumers prefer to give material gifts instead of experiences: The role of social distance," Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 45, pp. 365-382, August 2018, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucy010
- N., Barber, N., P. Kuo, M. Bishop, and R. Goodman, "Measuring psychographics to assess purchase intention and willingness to pay," Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 280-292, June 2012, DOI 10.1108/07363761211237353
- A. Folstad, C. B. Nordheim, and C. A. Bjorkli, "What makes users trust a chatbot for customer service? An exploratory interview study," Internet Science, pp. 194-208, September 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01437-7_16
- V. Venkatesh, M. G. Morris, G. B. Davis, and F. D. Davis, "User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view," MIS Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 425-478, September 2003, https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
- V. Venkatesh and F. D. Davis, "A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies," Management Science, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 186-204, February 2000, DOI:10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926
- J. Kang and S. Lee, "User-customized news service by use of social network analysis on artificial intelligence & bigdata," International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 131-142, August 2021, http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2021.10.3.131