The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Identification, Characterization, and Efficacy Evaluation of Bacillus velezensis for Shot-Hole Disease Biocontrol in Flowering Cherry

  • Han, Viet-Cuong (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Yu, Nan Hee (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Yoon, Hyeokjun (Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources) ;
  • Ahn, Neung-Ho (Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources) ;
  • Son, Youn Kyoung (Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources) ;
  • Lee, Byoung-Hee (Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Cheol (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2022.01.06
  • Accepted : 2022.02.08
  • Published : 2022.04.01
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Abstract

Though information exists regarding the pathogenesis of the shot-hole disease (SH) in flowering cherry (FC), there has been a lack of research focusing on SH management. Therefore, here, we investigated the inhibitory activities of antagonistic bacteria against SH pathogens both in vitro and in vivo as well as their biochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds. Two biosurfactant-producing bacterial antagonists, identified as Bacillus velezensis strains JCK-1618 and JCK-1696, exhibited the best effects against the growth of both bacterial and fungal SH pathogens in vitro through their cell-free culture filtrates (CFCFs). These two strains also strongly inhibited the growth of the pathogens via the action of their antimicrobial diffusible compounds and antimicrobial volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Crude enzymes, solvent extracts, and biosurfactants of the two strains exhibited antimicrobial activities. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of the partially purified active fractions revealed that the two antagonists produced three cyclic lipopeptides, including iturin A, fengycin A, and surfactin, and a polyketide, oxydifficidin. In a detached leaf assay, pre-treatment and co-treatment of FC leaves with the CFCFs led to a large reduction in the severity of the leaf spots caused by Epicoccum tobaicum and Bukholderia contaminans, respectively. In addition, the two antagonists produced indole-3-acetic acid, siderophore, and a series of hydrolytic enzymes, along with the formation of a substantial biofilm. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the antimicrobial activities of the diffusible compounds and VOCs of B. velezensis against the SH pathogens and their efficiency in the biocontrol of SH.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We thank Prof. In-Seon Kim (Pesticide Science Lab., Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University) for GC-MS technical assistance. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of South Korea (grant number: NIBR202018201).

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