DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Kenaf Is the Key to Go Green in the Era of Environmental Crisis: A Review

  • In-Sok, Lee (Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Yu-Rim, Choi (Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Ju, Kim (Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services)
  • Received : 2022.08.02
  • Accepted : 2022.11.03
  • Published : 2022.12.01

Abstract

Ecologically sustainable means of development is the point to support environmental homeostasis. One of our roles is to find bio-degradable resources that can be substituted for petroleum-based products to effectively abide by the natural viability. To counter the issues of deforestation and preserve biodiversity, it is necessary to produce a non-wood crop that can fulfill the requirement for raw material from which several products can be produced. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), a member of the family Malvaceae, is showing sufficient potentiality along this road-map. Due to its rich fiber content, it has been used extensively in various fields for long, probably as early as 4,000 BC. At present, kenaf has been used as provider of paper, plastics, fiber glass, biofuel, activated carbon and epoxy composite. This obviously catch one's attention towards its capability to replace petroleum-based products as a whole. Moreover, the plant shows considerable relevance in decreasing pollutants by virtue of its enormous absorption capacity. These multiple applications of kenaf justify its credibility to be the best resource for the better world. The paper presents an overview on its numerous uses reported in the literature that we have investigated and its great potential as a valuable multipurpose crop.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work is supported by a fund of project designated as No. PJ01477901, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea.

References

  1. Abdul Khalil, H.P.S., A.F. Ireana Yusra, A.H. Bhat and M. Jawaid. 2010. Cell wall ultrastructure, anatomy, lignin distribution, and chemical composition of Malaysian cultivated kenaf fiber. Ind. Crops Prod. 31:113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.09.008
  2. Alexopoulou, E. and A. Monti. 2013. Kenaf: a multi-purpose crop for several industrial applications. In Alexopoulou, E., Y. Papatheohari, M. Christou and A. Monti (eds.), Origin, Description, Importance, and Cultivation Area of Kenaf, Springer-Verlag, United Kingdom. pp. 1-154.
  3. Cheng, W.Y., J.M.H. Akanda and K.L. Nyam. 2016. Kenaf seed oil: a potential new source of edible oil. Trends in Food Sci. Techno. 52:57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.03.014
  4. Covestro. 2020. Covestro provides sustainable solution for new concept car Toyota "LQ". Accessed January 10, 2022. https://www. covestro.com.
  5. Dempsey, J.M. 1975a. Fiber crops. In Dempsey, J.M. (ed.), Fiber crops, Rose Printing Company, FL (USA). pp. 203-233.
  6. Dempsey, J.M. 1975b. Fiber crops. In Dempsey, J.M. (ed.), Fiber crops, University of Florida Press, FL (USA). p. 457.
  7. Ding, H., G. Wang, L. Lou and J. Lv. 2016. Physiological responses and tolerance of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) exposed to chromium. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 133:509-518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.007
  8. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2016. Jute, kenaf, sisal, abaca, coir and allied fibres. Accessed March 1, 2022. https://www.fao.org/3/i7162e/i7162e.pdf.
  9. Kang, S.Y., P.G. Kim, Y.K. Kang, B.K. Kang, Z.K. U, K.Z. Riu and H.S. Song. 2004. Growth, yield and photosynthesis of introduced kenaf cultivars in Korea. Korean J. Plant. Res. 17(2):139-146.
  10. Kenaf Ventures. 2021. Bio-based construction materials made from ancient kenaf plant. Accessed November 1, 2021. https://www.springwise.com.
  11. Kojima, Y., Y. Kato, S.L. Yoon and M.K. Lee. 2014. Kenaf as a bioresource for production of hydrogen-rich gas. Agrotechnology 3(1):125-133.
  12. Lee, B.H., H.M. Lee, D.C. Chung and B.J. Kim. 2021. Effect of mesopore development on butane working capacity of biomass-derived activated carbon for automobile canister. Nanomaterials 11(3):673-684. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030673
  13. Lee, B.H., V.T. Trinh and C.H. Jeon. 2021. Effect of torrefaction on thermal and kinetic behavior of kenaf during its pyrolysis and CO2 Gasification. ACS Omega. 6:9920-9927. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c00737
  14. Li, D. and S. Huang. 2013. The breeding of kenaf. In Monti A. and E. Alexopouiou. (eds.), Kenaf: A Multi- Purpose Crop for Several Industrial Applications. Springer, UK. pp. 45-58.
  15. Mariod, A.A., S.F. Fathy and M. Ismail. 2010. Preparation and characteristion of protein concentrates from defatted kenaf seed. Food Chem. 123:747-752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.045
  16. Meryemoglu, B., A. Hasanoglu, S. Irmak and O. Erbatu. 2014. Biofuel production by liquefaction of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) biomass. Bioresour. Technol. 151:278-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.085
  17. Nadzri, S.N.Z.A., M.T.H. Sultan, A.U.M. Shah, S.N.A. Safri and A.A Basri. 2020. A review on the kenaf/glass hybrid composites with limitations on mechanical and low velocity impact properties. Polymers 12(6):1285-1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12061285
  18. NEC Corporation. 2006. NEC & UNITIKA. Realize bioplastic reinforced with kenaf fiber for mobile phone use. Accessed December 15, 2021. https://www.nec.co.jp.
  19. Park, H.Y., M.H. Huang, T.H. Yoon and K.H Song. 2021. Electrochemical properties of kenaf-based activated carbon monolith for supercapacitor electrode applications. RSC Advances 11:38515-38522. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA07815A
  20. Ryu, J.H., S.J. Kwon, J.W. Jo, Y.D. Ahn, S.H. Kim, S.W. Jeong, M.K. Lee, J.B. Kim and S.Y. Kang. 2017. Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in the kenaf plant (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). J. Plant Biotechnol. 44:191-202. https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2017.44.2.191
  21. Saba, N., M.T. Paridah and M. Jawaid. 2015. Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced polymer composite: a review. Constr. Build. Mater. 76(1):87-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.043
  22. Saeed, A.A.H., N.Y. Harun and N. Zulfani. 2020. Heavy metals capture from water sludge by kenaf fibre activated carbon in batch adsorption. J. Ecol. Eng. 21(6):102-115. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/123249
  23. Santos, G.C.G., A.A. Rodella, C.A. de Abreu and A.R. Coscione. 2010. Vegetable species for phytoextraction of boron, copper, lead, manganese and zinc from contaminated soil. Sci. Agric. 67(6):713-719. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162010000600014
  24. Shamsudin, R., H. Abdullah and A. Kamari. 2016. Application of kenaf bast fiber to adsorb Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in aqueous solution: single-and multi-metal systems. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev. 7(10):715-723. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2016.7.10.868
  25. Silva, T.T., P.H.P.M. Silveira, M.P. Ribeiro, M.F. Lemos, A.P. Silva, S.N. Monteiro and L.F.C Nascimento. 2021. Thermal and chemical characterization of kenaf fiber (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) reinforced epoxy matrix composites. Polymers 13(12):1-15.
  26. Tan, J.Y., S.Y. Low, Z.H. Ban and P. Siwayanan. 2021. A review on oil spill clean-up using bio-sorbent materials with special emphasis on utilization of kenaf core fibers. BioResources 16(4):8394-8416. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.4.8394-8416
  27. Taylor, C.S. 1993. Kenaf: an emerging new crop industry. In Janick, J. and J.E. Simon (eds.), New Crops. Wiley, NY (USA). pp. 402-407.
  28. Uddin, N., W.U. Zaman, M. Rahman, S. Islam and S. Islam. 2016. Phytoremediation potentiality of lead from contaminated soils by fibrous crop varieties. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2(5):22-28.
  29. Webber, C.L.III, H.L. Bhardwaj and V.K. Bledsoe. 2002. Kenaf production: fiber, feed, and seed. In Janick, J. and A. Whipkey (eds.), Trends in New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press, VA (USA). pp. 327-339.