Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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2020 Korean Dietary Reference Intakes for Protein: Estimation of protein requirements and the status of dietary protein intake in the Korean population

2020 단백질 섭취기준: 결핍과 만성질환 예방을 위한 한국인의 단백질 필요량 추정과 섭취현황

  • Kim, Eunjung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daegu Catholic University) ;
  • Chung, Sangwon (Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Hwang, Jin-Taek (Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Park, Yoon Jung (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University)
  • 김은정 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 정상원 (한국식품연구원 식품기능연구본부) ;
  • 황진택 (한국식품연구원 식품기능연구본부) ;
  • 박윤정 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2022.01.12
  • Accepted : 2022.02.09
  • Published : 2022.02.28
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Abstract

This article evaluated levels of Estimated Average Requirements (EARs), Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNIs), and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) of protein using the recently revised Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Koreans (2020). Dietary protein requirements are based on amounts sufficient to satisfy physiological demands to accomplish nitrogen equilibrium. The same principle was applied to estimate EARs and RNIs, for adults in DRIs conducted in 2015 and 2020 in Koreans. EAR was estimated to be 0.73 g/kg body weight/day, according to data (0.66 g/kg body weight/day) obtained using the nitrogen balance method and adjusted by efficiency of protein use (90%). RNI was calculated as EAR increased by an amount equal to twice the standard deviation of an age group so as to cover 97.5% of the group and was found to be 0.91 g/kg body weight/day. For weaned infants, children, and adolescents, growth requirement was added to estimate EAR. In particular, growth requirement was adjusted by efficiency of protein use in the revised EAR, which led to higher EARs for weaned infants, children, and adolescents of both genders as compared with 2015 DRIs. The AMDR for protein was set at 7%-20% of energy intake, which was the same as 2015 DRIs. Current, average protein intake by the Korean population is almost twice times the EAR, which suggests it might be better to increase the minimal margin for AMDR. However, it was not adjusted in this revision due to lack of evidence.

2020 한국인 영양소 섭취기준 개정에서 단백질은 기본적으로 질소평형을 유지하는데 필요한 단백질 양 0.66 g/kg 체중/일에 이용효율 90%를 적용한 평균필요량 0.73 g/kg 체중/일과 변이계수 12.5%를 적용한 권장섭취량 0.91 g/kg 체중/일을 생애주기별 체위기준치 변화에 따라 제시하였다. 그러나 성장기의 단백질 섭취기준에서는 체중 기준을 2017년에 개정된 소아청소년 성장도표에 근거하고, 일본 DRI 자료를 참고로 단백질 식품 이용효율을 차등 적용하였으며, WHO/FAO/UNU 보고서상의 성장에 필요한 단백질량 오류를 수정·반영하여 기준값을 개정하였다. 그 결과 일부 연령구간에서 섭취기준의 상향조정이 있었으나 한국인의 연령대별 1일 평균 단백질 섭취량은 대부분의 연령대에서 단백질 평균필요량의 100%를 넘는 것으로 나타났고, 남자 75세 이상과 여자 65세 이상을 제외하고는 권장섭취량과 비교했을 때도 많은 것으로 나타나 단백질 섭취기준의 상향 조정은 국민의 평균 단백질 섭취기준을 반영하는 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 75세 이상의 단백질 섭취량은 근감소증 예방, 근력 강화 등을 위해 65-74세 단백질 섭취기준과 동일하게 설정하였다. 이번 개정에서 단백질 에너지 적정비율은 기존의 7-20%를 유지하였으나 향후 단백질의 적정한 섭취수준 및 만성질환예방을 위한 단백질 필요량 설정에 관한 과학적 근거마련을 위해 우리나라 국민을 대상으로 한 다양한 중재연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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