Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Associations between maternal comprehensive feeding practices and dietary practices in preschool children

어머니의 종합적 식사지도와 유아의 식생활 실천과의 관계

  • Received : 2021.09.04
  • Accepted : 2022.01.07
  • Published : 2022.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study determined the relationships between maternal comprehensive feeding practices (CFP) and dietary practices of preschool children. Methods: Participants of the study were 227 mothers of children aged 3 to 5 years attending daycare centers and kindergartens in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province of Korea. The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire was used to assess the maternal feeding practices. The Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P) was measured to evaluate dietary practice and diet quality of children. Results: The balance of NQ-P for children was positively correlated with the modeling, restrictions for weight control, encouragement of balance and variety, pressure, and involvement among maternal CFP. Moderation of NQ-P was positively correlated with monitoring, modeling, teaching about nutrition, encouragement of balance and variety, environment, and involvement among maternal CFP. However, it was negatively correlated with emotion regulation, food as a reward, and child control in maternal CFP. Among maternal CFP, the environment of NQ-P was positively correlated with monitoring, modeling, teaching about nutrition, encouragement of balance and variety, environment, and involvement, and it was negatively correlated with emotion regulation. As a multiple regression analysis, maternal CFP that positively predicted balance of NQ-P indices were restricted for weight control, pressure, and involvement. Among maternal CFP, encouragement of balance and variety, and environment were positive predictors, while food as a reward, and child control were negative predictors for the moderation of NQ-P. Items of maternal CFP positively predicting environmental factors of NQ-P were monitoring and environment. Conclusion: Mothers are recommended to practice dietary guidance to their children, such as monitoring, modeling, teaching about nutritional information, recommendation of balance and diversity, healthy eating environment, and participation in meal plan and preparation, while they are advised not to conduct any adverse dietary guidance such as emotional control, compensation with food, child control, and food coercion.

본 연구는 어머니의 종합적 식사지도와 유아의 식생활 실천과의 관련성을 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 서울과 경기 지역의 어린이집과 유치원에 재학 중인 만 3세부터 만 5세의 유아의 어머니 227명을 대상으로 CFPQ를 이용하여 어머니의 식사지도 내용을 조사하였으며, 유아의 영양지수 (NQ-P)를 측정하여 식생활 실천 정도를 평가하였다. 유아의 영양지수 중 균형 요인은 어머니의 종합적 식사지도의 모델링, 체중조절을 위한 섭취제한, 균형 및 다양성 권장, 음식강요 및 식사준비 참여와 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 유아의 영양지수의 절제 요인은 어머니의 종합적 식사지도의 모니터링, 모델링, 영양정보 전달, 균형 및 다양성 권장, 건강한 식생활 환경, 식사준비 참여와 양의 상관관계를, 정서조절, 음식보상, 아동통제와는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 유아의 영양지수 환경 요인은 어머니의 종합적 식사지도 중 모니터링, 모델링, 영양정보 제공, 균형 및 다양성 권장, 건강한 식생활 환경, 식사준비 참여와 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 정서조절과는 음의 상관관계가 나타났다. 유아의 식생활 실천정도를 나타내는 지표인 영양지수 각 요인에 대한 어머니의 종합적 식사지도의 영향을 평가하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 영양지수 중 균형 요인을 양의 방향으로 유의하게 예측가능한 식사지도 항목은 체중조절을 위한 음식섭취제한, 음식강요, 식사준비 참여였다. 어머니의 식사지도 항목 중 영양지수 절제 요인에 대한 양적 연관성이 있는 요인은 균형 및 다양성 권장, 건강한 식생활 환경이었으며, 음적으로 연관성이 있는 요인은 음식보상, 아동통제였다. 또한 영양지수 환경 요인과 양적 연관성이 있는 어머니의 식사지도 항목은 모니터링, 건강한 식생활 환경이었다. 따라서 어머니는 자녀에게 모니터링, 모델링, 영양정보 전달, 균형 및 다양성 권장, 건강한 식생활 환경, 식사준비 참여와 같은 식사 지도를 실천하고, 정서조절, 음식으로 보상, 아동통제, 음식강요 와 같은 부정적인 식사지도 방법을 지양해야 할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Schwarzenberg SJ, Georgieff MK; Committee on Nutrition. Advocacy for improving nutrition in the first 1000 days to support childhood development and adult health. Pediatrics 2018; 141(2): e20173716. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3716
  2. Daniels LA. Feeding practices and parenting: a pathway to child health and family happiness. Ann Nutr Metab 2019; 74 Suppl 2: 29-42. https://doi.org/10.1159/000499145
  3. Han Y, Kim SA, Lee Y, Kim J. The development and validation of eating behavior test form for infants and young children. Korean J Community Nutr 2015; 20(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.1.1
  4. Vaughn AE, Ward DS, Fisher JO, Faith MS, Hughes SO, Kremers SP, et al. Fundamental constructs in food parenting practices: a content map to guide future research. Nutr Rev 2016; 74(2): 98-117. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv061
  5. Darling N, Steinberg L. Parenting style at context. An integrative model. Psychol Bull 1993; 113(3): 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487
  6. Hughes SO, Power TG, Orlet Fisher J, Mueller S, Nicklas TA. Revisiting a neglected construct: parenting styles in a child-feeding context. Appetite 2005; 44(1): 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2004.08.007
  7. Musher-Eizenman D, Holub S. Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire: validation of a new measure of parental feeding practices. J Pediatr Psychol 2007; 32(8): 960-972. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsm037
  8. Anderson PM, Butcher KE. Childhood obesity: trends and potential causes. Future Child 2006; 16(1): 19-45. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2006.0001
  9. Hubbs-Tait L, Kennedy TS, Page MC, Topham GL, Harrist AW. Parental feeding practices predict authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles. J Am Diet Assoc 2008; 108(7): 1154-1161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2008.04.008
  10. Blissett J, Haycraft E. Parental eating disorder symptoms and observations of mealtime interactions with children. J Psychosom Res 2011; 70(4): 368-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.07.006
  11. Yee AZ, Lwin MO, Ho SS. The influence of parental practices on child promotive and preventive food consumption behaviors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14(1): 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0501-3
  12. Patrick H, Nicklas TA, Hughes SO, Morales M. The benefits of authoritative feeding style: caregiver feeding styles and children's food consumption patterns. Appetite 2005; 44(2): 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2002.07.001
  13. Blissett J. Relationships between parenting style, feeding style and feeding practices and fruit and vegetable consumption in early childhood. Appetite 2011; 57(3): 826-831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.318
  14. Shim JE, Kim J, Lee Y; STRONG Kids Team. Fruit and vegetable intakes of preschool children are associated with feeding practices facilitating internalization of extrinsic motivation. J Nutr Educ Behav 2016; 48(5): 311-317.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2016.01.003
  15. Entin A, Kaufman-Shriqui V, Naggan L, Vardi H, Shahar DR. Parental feeding practices in relation to low diet quality and obesity among LSES children. J Am Coll Nutr 2014; 33(4): 306-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2013.874936
  16. Vaughn AE, Tabak RG, Bryant MJ, Ward DS. Measuring parent food practices: a systematic review of existing measures and examination of instruments. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013; 10(1): 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-61
  17. Lee JS, Kang MH, Kwak TK, Chung HR, Kwon SH, Kim HY, et al. Development of nutrition quotient for Korean preschoolers (NQ-P): item selection and validation of factor structure. J Nutr Health 2016; 49(5): 378-394. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.5.378
  18. Kang S, Kim J, Kye S. Associations between picky eating behaviors and maternal comprehensive feeding practices in preschool children. J Learn Cent Curric Instr 2019; 19(19): 1109-1126.
  19. Heller RL, Mobley AR. Instruments assessing parental responsive feeding in children ages birth to 5 years: a systematic review. Appetite 2019; 138: 23-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.03.006
  20. Haszard JJ, Skidmore PM, Williams SM, Taylor RW. Associations between parental feeding practices, problem food behaviours and dietary intake in New Zealand overweight children aged 4-8 years. Public Health Nutr 2015; 18(6): 1036-1043. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980014001256
  21. Mais LA, Warkentin S, Latorre MD, Carnell S, Taddei JA. Parental feeding practices among Brazilian school-aged children: associations with parent and child characteristics. Front Nutr 2017; 4: 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2017.00006
  22. Fulkerson JA, Story M, Mellin A, Leffert N, Neumark-Sztainer D, French SA. Family dinner meal frequency and adolescent development: relationships with developmental assets and high-risk behaviors. J Adolesc Health 2006; 39(3): 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.12.026
  23. Marty L, Chambaron S, Nicklaus S, Monnery-Patris S. Learned pleasure from eating: An opportunity to promote healthy eating in children? Appetite 2018; 120: 265-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.09.006
  24. Verhage CL, Gillebaart M, van der Veek SM, Vereijken CM. The relation between family meals and health of infants and toddlers: a review. Appetite 2018; 127: 97-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.010
  25. Berge JM, Hoppmann C, Hanson C, Neumark-Sztainer D. Perspectives about family meals from singleheaded and dual-headed households: a qualitative analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 113(12): 1632-1639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.08.023
  26. Larson NI, Story M, Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D. Food preparation and purchasing roles among adolescents: associations with sociodemographic characteristics and diet quality. J Am Diet Assoc 2006; 106(2): 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.10.029
  27. Wyse R, Campbell E, Nathan N, Wolfenden L. Associations between characteristics of the home food environment and fruit and vegetable intake in preschool children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2011; 11(1): 938. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-938
  28. Pollak L, Thoits PA. Processes in emotional socialization. Soc Psychol Q 1989; 52(1): 22-34. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786901
  29. Frankel LA, Hughes SO, O'Connor TM, Power TG, Fisher JO, Hazen NL. Parental influences on children's self-regulation of energy intake: insights from developmental literature on emotion regulation. J Obes 2012; 2012: 327259. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/327259
  30. Blissett J, Haycraft E, Farrow C. Inducing preschool children's emotional eating: relations with parental feeding practices. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92(2): 359-365. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.29375
  31. Webber L, Hill C, Cooke L, Carnell S, Wardle J. Associations between child weight and maternal feeding styles are mediated by maternal perceptions and concerns. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64(3): 259-265. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2009.146
  32. Monnery-Patris S, Rigal N, Peteuil A, Chabanet C, Issanchou S. Development of a new questionnaire to assess the links between children's self-regulation of eating and related parental feeding practices. Appetite 2019; 138: 174-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.03.029
  33. Rhee KE, Lumeng JC, Appugliese DP, Kaciroti N, Bradley RH. Parenting styles and overweight status in first grade. Pediatrics 2006; 117(6): 2047-2054. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2259
  34. Haycraft E, Goodwin H, Meyer C. Adolescents' level of eating psychopathology is related to perceptions of their parents' current feeding practices. J Adolesc Health 2014; 54(2): 204-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.08.007
  35. Carper JL, Orlet Fisher J, Birch LL. Young girls' emerging dietary restraint and disinhibition are related to parental control in child feeding. Appetite 2000; 35(2): 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.2000.0343
  36. Gregory JE, Paxton SJ, Brozovic AM. Pressure to eat and restriction are associated with child eating behaviours and maternal concern about child weight, but not child body mass index, in 2- to 4-year-old children. Appetite 2010; 54(3): 550-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2010.02.013
  37. Rodgers RF, Paxton SJ, Massey R, Campbell KJ, Wertheim EH, Skouteris H, et al. Maternal feeding practices predict weight gain and obesogenic eating behaviors in young children: a prospective study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013; 10(1): 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-24
  38. Ogden J, Cordey P, Cutler L, Thomas H. Parental restriction and children's diets. The chocolate coin and Easter egg experiments. Appetite 2013; 61(1): 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.10.021
  39. Gubbels JS, Kremers SP, Stafleu A, Dagnelie PC, Goldbohm RA, de Vries NK, et al. Diet-related restrictive parenting practices. Impact on dietary intake of 2-year-old children and interactions with child characteristics. Appetite 2009; 52(2): 423-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.12.002
  40. American Academy Pediatrics. AAP Committee on nutrition pediatric nutrition. 7th ed. Itasca (IL): 2019.