Journal of Nutrition and Health

  • 제55권1호
  • /
  • Pages.101-119
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  • 2022
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  • 2288-3886(pISSN)
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  • 2288-3959(eISSN)
한국영양학회 (The Korean Nutrition Society)
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20대 여성의 식사에서 동물성 식품의 포함 정도에 따른 건강 및 영양상태: 국민건강영양조사 제7기 (2016-2018) 자료 이용

Nutritional intake of women in their twenties according to different degree of inclusion of animal foods: based on the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

  • 전보경 (부산대학교 교육대학원 영양교육전공) ;
  • 이지현 (부산대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 윤은주 (동아대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Jeon, Bokyung (Department of Education, Nutrition Education Major, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Jeehyun (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University) ;
  • Yoon, Eunju (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University)
  • 투고 : 2021.06.21
  • 심사 : 2022.01.06
  • 발행 : 2022.02.28
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초록

제7기 (2016-2018) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 20대 여성의 채식위주 식사 정도에 따른 영양과 건강행태를 분석하고자 하였다. 동물성 식품 섭취 개수에 따라 네 그룹으로 나누어 비교하였다. 채식위주로 식사를 하는 그룹일수록 주관적 건강 상태에 '매우 좋음'으로 답한 사람이 많았고 외식빈도가 낮았다. 심혈관계 질환 유병률은 그룹 간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 동물성 식품 섭취빈도가 낮을수록 총 에너지 섭취량이 적었으며 탄수화물 섭취비율은 높고 단백질 섭취비율은 낮았다. 1,000 kcal당 비타민 B1, 비타민 B2, 칼슘 섭취량은 동물성 식품 섭취빈도가 적은 그룹에서 높았으나 나트륨 섭취량은 동물성 식품 섭취빈도가 적은 그룹에서 낮았다. 에너지 필요추정량 (EER)보다 낮게 섭취하는 비율과 단백질, 비타민 B1, 비타민 B2, 니아신, 칼슘, 인, 철의 평균필요량 (EAR)보다 낮게 섭취하는 비율이 동물성 식품 섭취빈도가 낮은 그룹에서 높았다. 동물성 식품 섭취 개수가 적을수록 체중 당 단백질 권장섭취량(0.91 g)보다 낮게 섭취하는 비율이 높았으며 비동물성 식품과 동물유래 식품 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮았다. 동물유래 식품, 난류와 유제품, 비동물성 식품으로 나누어 단백질 섭취 정도를 비교하였을 때 네 그룹 모두에서 성인 여성의 단백질 평균필요량인 45 g 이상으로 섭취하였으며 채식위주의 식사를 하는 그룹에서 총 단백질 섭취량, 비동물성 식품, 동물유래식품 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮았다. 동물유래 식품의 섭취개수가 0인 그룹에서는 평균필요량에 미치지 못하는 단백질 섭취를 보였다. 동물성 단백질 섭취개수가 0개와 1개인 그룹에서는 체중당 단백질 권장섭취량에 미치지 못했다. 또한, 그룹 간 채소류 섭취를 비교하였을 때 채소류, 해조류, 버섯류의 경우 동물성 식품 섭취 개수가 적을수록 섭취량이 적어지는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 채식위주의 식사 정도에 따라 식이 습관, 에너지 및 영양소 섭취에 영향이 있으며, 특히 칼슘과 철, 비타민 A, 비타민 C가 풍부한 식품의 섭취가 권장되어야 할 것이다. 식이로 인한 질병들이 많아지고 치료보다는 예방에 관심이 높아지는 만큼 본 연구가 채식을 추구하는 개인의 식습관 및 집단의 영양교육 프로그램 발전에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Purpose: This study examined the demographics, health status, dietary habits, energy, nutrient intake, and protein intake based on levels of inclusion of animal food among females in their 20s by using data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: The subjects (n = 912) were divided into 4 groups according to the frequency of animal foods consumed which were categorized as meat, seafood, eggs, and dairy products, or other animal-derived foods. Results: The subjects with a lower frequency of animal food intake ate out less frequently. As the frequency of animal food intake decreased, the total energy intake too decreased with higher carbohydrate and lower protein intake ratios. In the low frequency of animal food intake group, a higher proportion of subjects had energy intake below the estimated energy requirement and the intake of protein, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, and iron were below the estimated average requirements. The average protein intake was more than the recommended 45 g in all four groups. However, the lower the frequency of animal food intake, the higher the proportion of people having lower protein intake compared to the recommended intake of 0.91 g per kg body weight. It became apparent that people who do not consume animal foods at all did not meet the recommended levels of protein intake. Thus, people pursuing a vegan diet may be at risk of low protein intake. Conclusion: This study suggests that economic characteristics, dietary habits, energy, and nutrient intake are affected by the frequency of animal food consumed, or in other words, by the degree of vegetable-centered diet. Thus, this study would help improve the perception of vegetarianism, develop individualized dietary guidance and nutrition education programs for people practicing vegan or vegetarian diets to ensure that they have a balanced diet.

키워드

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