DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Determination of homogeneity index of cementitious composites produced with eps beads by image processing techniques

  • Comak, Bekir (Duzce University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering) ;
  • Aykanat, Batuhan (Duzce University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering) ;
  • Bideci, Ozlem Salli (Duzce University, Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, Department of Architecture) ;
  • Bideci, Alper (Duzce University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering)
  • 투고 : 2021.02.03
  • 심사 : 2022.02.08
  • 발행 : 2022.02.25

초록

With the improvements in computer technologies, utilization of image processing techniques has increased in many areas (such as medicine, defence industry, other industries etc.) Many different image processing techniques are used for surface analysis, detection of manufacturing defects, and determination of physical and mechanical characteristics of composite materials. In this study, cementitious composites were obtained by addition of Grounded Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS), Styrene Butadiene polymer (SBR), and Grounded Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag and Styrene Butadiene polymer together (GGBFS+SBR). Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads were added to these cementitious composites in different ratios (20%, 40% and 60%). The mechanical and physical characteristics of the composites were determined, and homogeneity indexes of the composites were determined by image processing techniques to determine EPS distribution forms in them. Physical and mechanical characteristics of the produced samples were obtained by applying consistency, density, water absorption, compressive strength (7 and 28 days), flexural strength (7 and 28 days) and tensile splitting strength (7 and 28 days) tests on them. Also, visual examination by using digital microscope, and image analysis by using image processing techniques with open source coded ImageJ program were performed. As a result of the study, it is determined that GGBFS and SBR addition strengthens the adhesion sites formed as it increases the adhesion power of the mixture and helps to get rid of the segregation problem caused by EPS. As a result of the image processing analysis it is demonstrated that GGBFS and SBR addition has positive contribution on homogeneity index.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Asadollahfardi, G., Delnavaz, M., Gonabadi, N. and Asadi, M. (2019), "Usage of polystyrene disposable food dishes in the lightweight concrete making", Envir. Quality Manag., 28(3), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21622.
  2. ASTM C 642-13 (2013), Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  3. Babu, K.G. and Babu, D.S. (2003), "Behaviour of lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete containing silica fume", Cement Concrete Res., 33(5), 755-762. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)01055-4.
  4. Basyigit, C., Comak, B., Kilincarslan, S. and Serkan uncu, I. (2012), "Assessment of concrete compressive strength by image processing technique", Constr. Build. Mater., 37, 526-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.055.
  5. Bicer, A. and Kar, F. (2017), "The effects of apricot resin addition to the light weight concrete with expanded polystyrene", J. Adhes. Sci. Tech., 31(21), 2335-2348. doi:10.1080/01694243.2017.1299974.
  6. Chen, B. and Liu, J. (2004), "Properties of lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete reinforced with steel fiber", Cement Concrete Res., 34(7), 1259-1263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.12.014.
  7. Chen, B. and Liu, J. (2007), "Mechanical properties of polymer-modified concretes containing expanded polystyrene beads", Constr. Build. Mater., 21(1), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.001.
  8. Cook, D.J. (1973), "Expanded polystyrene beads as lightweight aggregate for concrete", Precast Concrete, 4(12), 691-693.
  9. Dogan, M. and Bideci, A. (2016), "Effect of Styrene Butadiene Copolymer (SBR) admixture on high strength concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 112, 378-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.204.
  10. Felekoglu, B. and Keskinates, M. (2016), "Multiple cracking analysis of HTPP-ECC by digital image correlation method", Comput. Concrete, 17(6), 831-848. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.17.6.831.
  11. Ferrandiz-Mas, V. and Garcia-Alcocel, E. (2012), "Physical and mechanical characterization of Portland cement mortars made with expanded polystyrene particles addition (EPS)", Materiales de Construccion, 62, 308. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2012.04611.
  12. Herki, B., Khatib, J. and Negim, E. (2013), "Lightweight concrete made from waste polystyrene and fly ash", World Appl. Sci. J., 21(9), 1356-1360.
  13. Herki, B.A. and Khatib, J.M. (2017), "Valorisation of waste expanded polystyrene in concrete using a novel recycling technique", Eur. J. Envir. Civil Eng., 21(11), 1384-1402. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2016.1170729.
  14. Hwang, C.L., Peng, S.S., Wang, E., Lin, S.H. and Huang, S.L. (2010), "A quantitative measurement of concrete air content using image analyses", Comput. Concrete, 7(3), 239-247. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2010.7.3.239.
  15. Kaya, A. and Kar, F. (2016), "Properties of concrete containing waste expanded polystyrene and natural resin", Constr. Build. Mater., 105, 572-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.177.
  16. Krishna, B.M., Reddy, V.G.P., Tadepalli, T., Kumar, P.R. and Lahir, Y. (2019), "Numerical and experimental study on flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams: Digital image correlation approach", Comput. Concrete, 24(6), 561-570. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2019.24.6.561.
  17. Kumari, S. (2017), "Development of light weight geoblocks for wall building units using eps beads and fly ash", Int. J. Eng. Res. Tech., 6(4), 1083-1088. http://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV6IS040736.
  18. Laoubi, H., Bederina, M., Djoudi, A., Goullieux, A., Dheilly, R. M. and Queneudec, M. (2018), "Study of a new plaster composite based on dune sand and expanded polystyrene as aggregates", Open Civil Eng. J., 12(1), 401-412. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149501812010401
  19. Law Yim Wan Dominic, S., Aslani, F. and Ma, G. (2018), "Lightweight self-compacting concrete incorporating perlite, scoria, and polystyrene aggregates", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 30(8), 04018178. http://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002350.
  20. Lee, J.H., Jung, C.Y., Woo, T.R. and Cheung, J.H. (2019), "Post-yielding tension stiffening of reinforced concrete members using an image analysis method with a consideration of steel ratios", Adv. Concrete Constr., 7(2), 117-126. http://doi.org/10.12989/ACC.2019.7.2.117.
  21. Lee, J.H., Kang, S.H., Ha, Y.J. and Hong, S.G. (2018), "Structural behavior of durable composite sandwich panels with high performance expanded polystyrene concrete", Int. J. Concrete Struct. Mater., 12(1), 21. http://doi.org/10.1186/s40069-018-0255-6.
  22. Li, C., Miao, L., You, Q., Hu, S. and Fang, H. (2018), "Effects of viscosity modifying admixture (VMA) on workability and compressive strength of structural EPS concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 175, 342-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.176.
  23. Lin, W., Sun, Y., Yang, Q. and Lin, Y. (2019), "Real-time comprehensive image processing system for detecting concrete bridges crack", Comput. Concrete, 23(6), 445-457. http://doi.org/10.12989/CAC.2019.23.6.445.
  24. Onal, O., Ozden, G. and Felekoglu, B. (2008), "A methodology for spatial distribution of grain and voids in self compacting concrete using digital image processing methods", Comput. Concrete, 5(1), 61-74. http://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2008.5.1.061.
  25. Pecce, M., Ceroni, F., Bibbo, F.A. and Acierno, S. (2015), "Steel-concrete bond behaviour of lightweight concrete with expanded polystyrene (EPS)", Mater. Struct., 48(1), 139-152. http://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0173-7.
  26. Ramli Sulong, N.H., Mustapa, S.A.S. and Abdul Rashid, M.K. (2019), "Application of expanded polystyrene (EPS) in buildings and constructions: A review", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 136(20), 47529. http://doi.org/10.1002/app.47529.
  27. Sadrmomtazi, A., Sobhani, J., Mirgozar, M.A. and Najimi, M. (2012), "Properties of multi-strength grade EPS concrete containing silica fume and rice husk ash", Constr. Build. Mater., 35, 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.049.
  28. Sayadi, A.A., Tapia, J.V., Neitzert, T.R. and Clifton, G.C. (2016), "Effects of expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles on fire resistance, thermal conductivity and compressive strength of foamed concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 112, 716-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.218.
  29. Schackow, A., Effting, C., Folgueras, M.V., Guths, S. and Mendes, G.A. (2014), "Mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight concretes with vermiculite and EPS using air-entraining agent", Constr. Build. Mater., 57, 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.02.009.
  30. TS EN 1015-3/A2 (2007), Methods of Test for Mortar for Masonry-Part 3: Determination of Consistence of Fresh Mortar (by flow table), Turkish Standards Institution.
  31. TS EN 12390-6 (2010), Testing hardened Concrete-Part 6: Tensile Splitting Strength of Test Specimens, Ankara, Turkish Standards Institution.
  32. TS EN 12390-7 (2010), Testing Hardened Concrete-Part 7: Density of Hardened Concrete, Turkish Standards Institution.
  33. TS EN 15167-1 (2006), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete, Mortar and Grout-Part 1: Definitions, Specifications and Conformity Criteria, Turkish Standards Institution.
  34. TS EN 196-1 (2016), Methods of Testing Cement-Part 1: Determination of Strength, Turkish Standards Institution.
  35. TS EN 197-1 (2012), Cement-Part 1: Composition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements, Turkish Standards Instituion.
  36. Vakhshouri, B. and Nejadi, S. (2018), "Review on the mixture design and mechanical properties of the lightweight concrete containing expanded polystyrene beads", Aus. J. Struct. Eng., 19(1), 1-23. http://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2017.1353330.
  37. Xu, Y., Jiang, L., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Xu, J. and He, G. (2016), "Experimental study and modeling on effective thermal conductivity of EPS lightweight concrete", J. Therm. Sci. Tech., 11(2), 1-23. http://doi.org/10.1299/jtst.2016jtst0023.
  38. Xu, Y., Jiang, L., Xu, J. and Li, Y. (2012), "Mechanical properties of expanded polystyrene lightweight aggregate concrete and brick", Constr. Build. Mater., 27(1), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.030.