환경영향평가 (Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment)

한국환경영향평가학회 (Korean Society of Environmental Impact Assessment)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

한국 육상풍력발전사업의 환경적 지속가능성 평가 연구 - 58개 환경영향평가서 사례에 대한 정량적 분석 -

Analysis of Environmental Sustainability in South Korean Inland Windfarms

  • 투고 : 2021.11.29
  • 심사 : 2022.02.03
  • 발행 : 2022.02.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

풍력발전은 비용 효율적인 신재생에너지원으로 우리나라 뿐 아니라 전세계적으로 빠르게 보급이 확대되고 있다. 환경적 지속가능성을 보장하면서 지속가능한 에너지를 공급하기 위해서는 증거에 기반한 정책수립과 혁신적인 방안 마련이 필요하다. 본 논문은 풍력발전 환경영향평가서 58건의 분석을 통해 1) 국내 육상풍력의 주요 특징이 어떠한가? 2) 환경영향을 최소화하기 위한 사업별 환경적 지속가능성을 분석하는 방법이 있는가?에 대한 해답을 제시하고자 한다. 환경영향평가서에 제시된 개별 육상풍력사업의 환경적 지속가능성과 관련한 변수를 추출하여 이러한 환경변수에 대한 요인분석을 수행하고 개별 변수의 가중치를 계산하여 육상풍력발전의 환경적 지속가능성을 평가할 수 있는 지수를 개발하였다. 이러한 환경적 지속가능성지수는 육상풍력발전의 입지를 고려할 때 활용할 수 있는 유용한 증거에 기반한 의사결정도구로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 58개 사업은 사업지역의 고도 및 자연성의 정도를 바탕으로 1) 산악형, 2) 목장형, 3) 해안형으로 구분하였다. 본 연구에서는 개별 풍력발전사업에 대한 환경적 지속가능성지수를 성공적으로 계산하였다. 가장 환경적 지속가능성이 큰 사업은 목장형으로 분류된 33번 사업이 1.04였고, 가장 낮은 사업은 산악형으로 분류된 55번 사업으로 -1.44였다. 둘째, 분석결과는 목장형이 환경지속가능성 지수가 평균 0.4551로 환경적 지속가능성이 가장 높고, 해안형이 평균 0.3712으로 중간이었으며, 산악형이 평균 -0.3457로 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 육상풍력발전과 관련된 기존의 연구에서 제시된 결과를 보다 계량적으로 증명하고 있으며, 신재생에너지개발과 관련한 정책에 활용할 수 있는 중요한 함의를 제공하고 있다.

Wind power has been rapidly growing over last decade in the world as well as in South Korea as a feasible renewable energy source. Providing sustainable energy to all while securing environmental sustainability requires evidence based policy making and innovative solutions. Through analysis of 58 cases of South Korean Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report, this paper seeks to identify answers to the following two questions. What are the key characteristics for inland windfarm? Is there a way of measuring environmental sustainability to compare each location to reduce negative environmental impact? Variables related to environmental sustainability of each windfarm case were collected from EIA report and the factor analysis of environmental variables was conducted to calculate the weight for each variable to build environmental sustainability index (ESI) to provide as evidence-based tools for decision making on the location of inland windfarm. 58 cases were categorized as three types 1) Mountain type 2) Ranch Type and 3) Coastal Type depending on their height and degree of naturalness. For analytical research, first, it was successfully calculated environmental sustainability of each windfarm case ranging from 1.04 (#33, Ranch type) to -1.44 (#55, Mountain type). Second, the analysis results showed that ranch type is most environmentally sustainable (Average ESI = 0.4551), followed by coastal type (Ave ESI = 0.3712) and lastly mountain type (Average ESI = -0.3457). These findings are consistent with the previous researches on inland windfarms and provides substantive policy implication on the renewable energy policies.

키워드

과제정보

The author would like to thank Professor Tae Yong Jung of Yonsei University, Graduate School of International Studies, for his kind advice.

참고문헌

  1. Cho YS. 2015. Decarbonization Scenarios of the Republic of Korea (Excerpts). [Korean Literature]
  2. European Environment Agency. 2015. Climate Change and a European Low-Carbon Energy System (ISSN 1725-9177).
  3. Gan X, Fernandez I, Guo J, Wilson M, Zhao Y, Zhou B, Wu J. 2017. When to use what: Methods for weighting and aggregating sustainability indicators. Ecological Indicators 81: 491-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.05.068
  4. Han HJ, Hwang YS, Ha SR, Kim BS. 2015. Modelling Future Land Use Scenarios in South Korea: Applying the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios and the SLEUTH Model on a Local Scale. Environmental Management 55(5): 1064-1079. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0446-8
  5. Huber N, Hergert R, Price B, Zach C, Hersperger A, Putz M, Kiensast F, Bolliger J. 2017. Renewable Energy Source: conflicts and opportunities in a changing landscape. Regional Environmental Change 17: 1241-1255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1098-9
  6. Jeon SW. 2016. Research for wind power location method. [Korean Literature]
  7. Jung TY, Park IK, Kang SJ, Park HJ, Song JM, Kwak JY. 2018. Sustainable Development Goals in the Republic of Korea. Routledge.
  8. Kim HG. 2008. Preliminary Estimation of Wind Resources Potential in South Korea. Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society 2008(6): 1-7. [Korean Literature]
  9. Kim HG, Hwang HJ. 2014. Evaluation of Inland Resources potential of South Korea According to Environmental Conservation Value Assessment. Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society 2014(3): 159-159. [Korean Literature]
  10. Kline P. 1993. An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. Routledge.
  11. Konadu D. 2015. Land use implications of future energy system trajectories-the case of the UK 2050 carbon plan. Energy Policy 86: 328-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.07.008
  12. Koo MH, Lee DK, Jung TY. 2012. A Study on the Contexts of Ecosystem Services in the Policymaking Process. Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 15(5): 85-102. [Korean Literature]
  13. Lee BC. 2016. Environment Assessment of Wind Power Development. [Korean Literature]
  14. Lee CH. 2014. Environmental and economic assessment of alternative energy source (II): Focusing on renewable energy in Korea. KEI. [Korean Literature]
  15. Manzini F, Islas J, Macias P. 2011. Model for evaluating the environmental sustainability of energy projects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 78(2011): 931-944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2011.01.012
  16. McKenna R, Hollnaicher S, Otsman P, Fichtner W. 2015. Cost-potentials for large onshore wind turbines in Europe. Energy 83: 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.02.016
  17. Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea. 2012. Guidance for selection of inland wind farm location. [Korean Literature]
  18. Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea. 2014. Guideline for Environmental Assessment of Inland Wind Development Project. [Korean Literature]
  19. Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea. 2018. The status of Environmental Impact Assessment for wind power (Press release). [Korean Literature]
  20. Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of the Republic of Korea. 2017. Renewable Energy 3020 Plan of Republic of Korea. [Korean Literature]
  21. Moon SJ. 2011. Economic Analysis of wind power: Case on Jeju Self-governing Province. Journal if Industrial Economics and Businesses 24(6): 3695-3712. [Korean Literature]
  22. OECD. 2017. Measuring Distance to the SDG Targets.
  23. Ryu. DH. 2017. Evaluation of Economic Value of the Greenbelt's Ecosystem Services in the Seoul Metropolitan Region. Master's Degree Dissertation. Seoul National University. [Korean Literature]
  24. Santangelli A, Toivonen T, Pouzols FM, Pogson M, Hastings A. 2016. Global change synergies and trade-offs between renewable energy and biodiversity. GCB Bioenergy 8(5): 941-951. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12299
  25. Sonnenscheiin J, Mundaca L. 2016. Decarbonization under green growth strategies? The case of South Korea. Journal of Cleaner Production 123: 180-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.060
  26. Sustainable Development Solutions Network. 2017. SDGs index and Dashboard.