References
- Beseoglu K, Pannes S, Steiger HJ, Hanggi D : Long-term outcome and quality of life after nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 152 : 409-416, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-009-0518-8
- Bhogal P, Uff C, Makalanda HL : Vessel wall MRI and intracranial aneurysms. J Neurointerv Surg 8 : 1160-1162, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-012130
- Boswell S, Thorell W, Gogela S, Lyden E, Surdell D : Angiogram-negative subarachnoid hemorrhage: outcomes data and review of the literature. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 22 : 750-757, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.02.001
- Buyukkaya R, Yildirim N, Cebeci H, Kocaeli H, Dusak A, Ocakoglu G, et al. : The relationship between perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage and deep venous system drainage pattern and calibrations. Clin Imaging 38 : 226-230, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2014.01.003
- Canovas D, Gil A, Jato M, de Miquel M, Rubio F : Clinical outcome of spontaneous non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in 108 patients. Eur J Neurol 19 : 457-461, 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03542.x
- Chung JW, Kim BJ, Choi BS, Sohn CH, Bae HJ, Yoon BW, et al. : High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging reveals hidden etiologies of symptomatic vertebral arterial lesions. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 23 : 293-302, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.02.021
- Edjlali M, Gentric JC, Regent-Rodriguez C, Trystram D, Hassen WB, Lion S, et al. : Does aneurysmal wall enhancement on vessel wall MRI help to distinguish stable from unstable intracranial aneurysms? Stroke 45 : 3704-3706, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006626
- Germans MR, Coert BA, Majoie CB, van den Berg R, Lycklama A Nijeholt G, Rinkel GJ, et al. : Yield of spinal imaging in nonaneurysmal, nonperimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 84 : 1337-1340, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001423
- Kalra VB, Wu X, Matouk CC, Malhotra A : Use of follow-up imaging in isolated perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis. Stroke 46 : 401-406, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007370
- Kapadia A, Schweizer TA, Spears J, Cusimano M, Macdonald RL : Nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: diagnosis, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and long-term outcome. World Neurosurg 82 : 1131-1143, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2014.07.006
- Khan AA, Smith JD, Kirkman MA, Robertson FJ, Wong K, Dott C, et al. : Angiogram negative subarachnoid haemorrhage: outcomes and the role of repeat angiography. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 115 : 1470-1475, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.02.002
- Kim YW, Lawson MF, Hoh BL : Nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an update. Curr Atheroscler Rep 14 : 328-334, 2012 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-012-0256-x
- Konczalla J, Kashefiolasl S, Brawanski N, Lescher S, Senft C, Platz J, et al. : Cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral infarctions in 225 patients with non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: the underestimated risk of Fisher 3 blood distribution. J Neurointerv Surg 8 : 1247-1252, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-012153
- Konczalla J, Kashefiolasl S, Brawanski N, Senft C, Seifert V, Platz J : Increasing numbers of nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the last 15 years: antithrombotic medication as reason and prognostic factor? J Neurosurg 124 : 1731-1737, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.5.jns15161
- Konczalla J, Schuss P, Platz J, Vatter H, Seifert V, Guresir E : Clinical outcome and prognostic factors of patients with angiogram-negative and non-perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: benign prognosis like perimesencephalic SAH or same risk as aneurysmal SAH? Neurosurg Rev 38 : 121-127; discussion 127, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-014-0568-0
- Lehman VT, Brinjikji W, Kallmes DF, Huston J 3rd, Lanzino G, Rabinstein AA, et al. : Clinical interpretation of high-resolution vessel wall MRI of intracranial arterial diseases. Br J Radiol 89 : 20160496, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20160496
- Macdonald RL, Schweizer TA : Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet 389 : 655-666, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30668-7
- Marder CP, Narla V, Fink JR, Tozer Fink KR : Subarachnoid hemorrhage: beyond aneurysms. AJR Am J Roentgenol 202 : 25-37, 2014 https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.12.9749
- Mossa-Basha M, Alexander M, Gaddikeri S, Yuan C, Gandhi D : Vessel wall imaging for intracranial vascular disease evaluation. J Neurointerv Surg 8 : 1154-1159, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-012127
- Nagahata S, Nagahata M, Obara M, Kondo R, Minagawa N, Sato S, et al. : Wall enhancement of the intracranial aneurysms revealed by magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging using three-dimensional turbo spin-echo sequence with motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium: a sign of ruptured aneurysm? Clin Neuroradiol 26 : 277-283, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-014-0353-z
- Natori T, Sasaki M, Miyoshi M, Ohba H, Oura MY, Narumi S, et al. : Detection of vessel wall lesions in spontaneous symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery dissection using T1-weighted 3-dimensional Imaging. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 23 : 2419-2424, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.05.019
- Park SQ, Kwon OK, Kim SH, Oh CW, Han MH : Pre-mesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: rupture of tiny aneurysms of the basilar artery perforator. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 151 : 1639-1646, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-009-0416-0
- Rinkel GJ, Wijdicks EF, Vermeulen M, Ramos LM, Tanghe HL, Hasan D, et al. : Nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: CT and MR patterns that differ from aneurysmal rupture. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 12 : 829-834, 1991
- Rogg JM, Smeaton S, Doberstein C, Goldstein JH, Tung GA, Haas RA : Assessment of the value of MR imaging for examining patients with angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage. AJR Am J Roentgenol 172 : 201-206, 1999 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.172.1.9888768
- Schievink WI, Wijdicks EF : Origin of pretruncal nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: ruptured vein, perforating artery, or intramural hematoma? Mayo Clin Proc 75 : 1169-1173, 2000 https://doi.org/10.4065/75.11.1169
- Tan HW, Chen X, Maingard J, Barras CD, Logan C, Thijs V, et al. : Intracranial vessel wall imaging with magnetic resonance imaging: current techniques and applications. World Neurosurg 112 : 186-198, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.083
- Woodfield J, Rane N, Cudlip S, Byrne JV : Value of delayed MRI in angiogram-negative subarachnoid haemorrhage. Clin Radiol 69 : 350-356, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2013.11.002
- Yu DW, Jung YJ, Choi BY, Chang CH : Subarachnoid hemorrhage with negative baseline digital subtraction angiography: is repeat digital subtraction angiography necessary? J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg 14 : 210-215, 2012 https://doi.org/10.7461/jcen.2012.14.3.210