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Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (생화학분자생물학회)
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Immune cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer treatment

  • Choi, Sung-Jin (Department of New Biology, DGIST) ;
  • Cho, Hanchae (Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Yea, Kyungmoo (Department of New Biology, DGIST) ;
  • Baek, Moon-Chang (Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2021.08.26
  • Accepted : 2021.10.26
  • Published : 2022.01.31
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Abstract

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by most cells carry bioactive macromolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids for intercellular communication. Given that some immune cell-derived sEVs exhibit anti-cancer properties, these sEVs have received scientific attention for the development of novel anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agents. In this paper, we reviewed the latest advances concerning the biological roles of immune cell-derived sEVs for cancer therapy. sEVs derived from immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, natural-killer (NK) cells, and macrophages are good candidates for sEV-based cancer therapy. Besides their role of cancer vaccines, DC-shed sEVs activated cytotoxic lymphocytes and killed tumor cells. sEVs isolated from NK cells and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells exhibited cytotoxicity against cancer cells. sEVs derived from CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells inhibited cancer-associated cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) and activated B cells, respectively. M1-macrophage-derived sEVs induced M2 to M1 repolarization and also created a pro-inflammatory environment. Hence, these sEVs, via mono or combination therapy, could be considered in the treatment of cancer patients in the future. In addition, sEVs derived from cytokine-stimulated immune cells or sEV engineering could improve their anti-tumor potency.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT (2017M3A9G8083382 and 2020M3A9I4039539), the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.2021R1A5A2021614), and the DGIST Start-up Fund Program of the Ministry of Science and ICT (2018010109).

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