Steel and Composite Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Compressive behavior of built-up open-section columns consisting of four cold-formed steel channels

  • Shaofeng, Nie (School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University) ;
  • Cunqing, Zhao (School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University) ;
  • Zhe, Liu (School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University) ;
  • Yong, Han (School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University) ;
  • Tianhua, Zhou (School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University) ;
  • Hanheng, Wu (School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University)
  • Received : 2022.04.28
  • Accepted : 2022.12.12
  • Published : 2022.12.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Compression experiments were conducted to investigate the compressive behavior of built-up open-section columns consisting of four cold-formed steel channels (BOCCFSs) of different lengths, thicknesses, and cross-section sizes (OB90 and OB140). The load-displacement curves, failure modes, and maximum compression strength values were analyzed in detail. The tests showed that the failure modes of the OB90 specimens transformed from a large deformation concentration induced by local buckling to flexural buckling with the increase in the slenderness ratio. The failure modes of all OB140 specimens were deformation concentration, except for one long specimen, whose failure mode was flexural buckling. When the slenderness ratios of the specimens were less than 55, the failure modes were controlled by local buckling. Finite element models were built using ABAQUS software and validated to further analyze the mechanical behavior of the BOCCFSs. A parametric study was conducted and used to explore a wide design space. The numerical analysis results showed that when the screw spacing was between 150 mm and 450 mm, the difference in the maximum compression strength values of the specimens was less than 4%. The applicability and effectiveness of the design methods in Chinese GB50018-2002 and AISI-S100-2016 for calculating the compression strength values of the BOCCFSs were evaluated. The prediction methods based on the assumptions produced predictions of the strength that were between 33% to 10% conservative as compared to the tests and the finite element analysis.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

In this paper, the research work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51878055), the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province, China (2021SF-519).

References

  1. Abaqus (2014), Analysis User's Manual-Version 6.14-2. USA, ABAQUS Inc. 
  2. AISI-S100 (2016), North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members. Washington, DC, U.S.A. 
  3. Ananthi, G.B.G., Deepak, M.S., Roy, K. and Lim, J.B. (2021a), "Influence of intermediate stiffeners on the axial capacity of cold-formed steel back-to-back built-up unequal angle sections", Structures, 32, 827-848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc. 2021.03.059. 
  4. Ananthi, G.B.G., Roy, K., Ahmed, A.M.M. and Lim, J.B. (2021b), "Non-linear behaviour and design of web stiffened battened built-up stainless steel channel sections under axial compression", Structures, 30, 477-494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.01.014. 
  5. Ananthi, G.B.G., Roy, K. and Lim, J.B. (2019a), "Experimental and numerical investigations on axial strength of back-to-back built-up cold-formed steel angle columns", Steel Compos. Struct., 31(6), 601-615. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.6.601. 
  6. Ananthi, G.B.G., Roy, K. and Lim, J.B. (2020), "Experimental and numerical study of an innovative 4-channels cold-formed steel built-up column under axial compression", Steel Compos. Struct., 42(4), 513-583. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2022.42.4.513. 
  7. Ananthi, G.B.G., Roy, K., Chen, B. and Lim, J.B. (2019b), "Testing, simulation and design of back-to-back built-up cold-formed steel unequal angle sections under axial compression", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(4), 595-614. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.4.595. 
  8. Anbarasu, M. and Venkatesan, M. (2019b), "Behaviour of cold-formed steel built-up I-section columns composed of four U-profiles", Adv. Struct. Eng., 22, 613-625. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433218795568. 
  9. Anbarasu, M. (2019a), "Numerical investigation on behaviour and design of cold-formed steel built-up column composed of lipped sigma channels", Adv. Struct. Eng., 22, 1817-1829. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433218824499. 
  10. AS/NZS No. 4600 (2018), Cold-Formed Steel Structure. Sydney, Australia. 
  11. BS5950-5 (1998), Structural Use of Steelwork in Building: Part 5: Code of Practice for Design of Cold-Formed Thin Gauge Sections, British Standard Institution, London. 
  12. Chen, B., Roy, K., Uzzaman, A., Raftery, G. and Lim, J. B. (2020), "Axial strength of back-to-back cold-formed steel channels with edge-stiffened holes, un-stiffened holes and plain webs", J. Constr. Steel Res., 174 106313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106313. 
  13. Eurocode 3 (2006), Design of Steel Structures- Part 1-3: General Rules- Supplementary Rules for Cold-Formed Members and Sheeting, BS EN 1993-1-3. Brussels. 
  14. GB50018 (2002), Technical Code of Cold-Formed Thin-Wall Steel Structures, Beijing, China. 
  15. GB/T15856.1-2002 (2002), Drilling Screws with Tapping Screw Thread, Beijing, China. 
  16. GB/T228.1 (2010), Metallic Materials: Tensile Testing: Part 1: Method of Test at Room Temperature, Beijing, China. 
  17. Hady, A.M. El, Aghoury, M.A., El, Ibrahim, S.M. and Amoush, E. A. (2022), "Experimental investigation of steel built-up beam-columns composed of tracks and channels cold-formed sections", J. Build. Eng., 51, 104295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104295. 
  18. Li, Y.Q., Li, Y.L., Wang, S.K. and Shen, Z.Y. (2014), "Ultimate load-carrying capacity of cold-formed thin-walled columns with built-up box and I section under axial compression", Thin-Wall. Struct., 79, 202-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.02.003. 
  19. Nie, S.F., Eatherton, M.R., Han, Y., Zhou, T.H. and Wu, H. H. (2022), "Investigation of built-up box columns composed of four cold-formed steel channels", Thin-Wall. Struct., 175, 109258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2022.109258. 
  20. Nie, S.F., Zhou, T.H., Eatherton, M.R., Li, J. and Zhang, Y. (2020a), "Compressive behavior of built-up double-box columns consisting of four cold-formed steel channels", Eng Struct., 222, 111133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111133. 
  21. Nie, S.F., Zhou, T.H., Liao, F.F. and Yang, D.H. (2019), "Study on axial compressive behavior of quadruple C-channel built-up cold-formed steel columns", Struct. Eng. Mech., 70, 499-511. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.70.4.499. 
  22. Nie, S.F., Zhou, T.H., Zhang, Y. and Liu, B. (2020b), "Compressive behavior of built-up closed box section columns  consisting of two cold-formed steel channels", Thin-Wall. Struct., 151, 106762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.106762. 
  23. Phan, D.K., Rasmussen, K.J. and Schafer, B.W. (2021), "Tests and design of built-up section columns", J. Constr. Steel Res., 181, 106619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106619. 
  24. Piyawat, K., Ramseyer, C. and Kang, T.H.-K. (2013), "Development of an axial load capacity equation for doubly-symmetric built-up cold-formed sections", J. Struct. Eng., 139, 04013008. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000780. 
  25. Qiao, W., Wang, Y., Zhu, R., Li, R. and Zhao, M. (2021), "Experimental study on the axial bearing capacity of built-up cold-formed thin-walled steel multi-limb-section columns", Steel Compos. Struct., 40(6), 781-794.  https://doi.org/10.12989/SCS.2021.40.6.781
  26. Roy, K., Chen, B., Fang, Z., Uzzaman, A., Chen, X. and Lim, J.B. P. (2021), "Local and distortional buckling behaviour of back-to-back built-up aluminium alloy channel section columns", Thin-Wall. Struct., 163, 107713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.107713. 
  27. Roy, K., Mohammadjani, C. and Lim, J.B.P. (2019), "Experimental and numerical investigation into the behaviour of face-to-face built-up cold-formed steel channel sections under compression", Thin-Wall. Struct., 134, 291-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.09.045. 
  28. Roy, K., Ting, T.C.H., Lau, H.H. and Lim, J.B.P. (2018), "Nonlinear behavior of axially loaded back-to-back built-up cold-formed steel un-lipped channel sections", Steel Compos. Struct., 28(2), 233-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.2.233. 
  29. Roy, K., Ting, T.C.H., Lau, H.H. and Lim, J.B.P. (2019), "Experimental and numerical investigations on the axial capacity of cold-formed steel built-up box sections", J. Constr. Steel Res., 160, 411-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.05.038. 
  30. Schafer, B.W. (2012), CUFSM4.05-Finite Strip Buckling Analysis of Thin-Walled Members. Department of Civil Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, http://www.ce.jhu.edu/bschafer/cufsm/. 
  31. The Aluminum Association (2015), Aluminum Design Manual (ADM), The Aluminum Association, Washington, D.C. USA, 2015. 
  32. Young, B. and Rasmussen, K.J.R. (1998), "Tests of fixed-ended plain channel columns", J. Struct. Eng., 124, 131-139.  https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:2(131)
  33. Yu, W.W. (2000), Cold-Formed Steel Design, John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York, NY, USA. 
  34. Zhang, J.H. and Young, B (2012), "Compression tests of cold-formed steel I-shaped open sections with edge and web stiffeners", Thin-Wall. Struct., 52, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2011.11.006. 
  35. Zhang, J.H. and Young, B (2015), "Numerical investigation and design of cold-formed steel built-up open section columns with longitudinal stiffeners", Thin-Walled Struct., 89, 178-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.12.011. 
  36. Zhou, T.H., Li, Y.C., Wu, H.H., Lu, Y. and Ren, L.J. (2020), "Analysis to determine flexural buckling of cold-formed steel built-up back-to-back section columns", J. Constr. Steel Res., 166, 105898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.105898.