Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
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Clustering of sediment characteristics in South Korean rivers and its expanded application strategy to H-ADCP based suspended sediment concentration monitoring technique

한국 하천의 지역별 유사특성의 군집화와 H-ADCP 기반 부유사 농도 관측 기법에의 활용 방안

  • Noh, Hyoseob (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Son, GeunSoo (Advanced Infra Division, Korea Institute of Hydrological Survey) ;
  • Kim, Dongsu (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University) ;
  • Park, Yong Sung (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • 노효섭 (서울대학교 건설환경공학부) ;
  • 손근수 (한국수자원조사기술원 첨단인프라실) ;
  • 김동수 (단국대학교 토목환경공학과) ;
  • 박용성 (서울대학교 건설환경공학부)
  • Received : 2021.11.08
  • Accepted : 2021.12.06
  • Published : 2022.01.31
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Abstract

Advances in measurement techniques have reduced measurement costs and enhanced safety resulting in less uncertainty. For example, an acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) based suspended sediment concentration (SSC) measurement technique is being accepted as an alternative to the conventional data collection method. In Korean rivers, horizontal ADCPs (H-ADCPs) are mounted on the automatic discharge monitoring stations, where SSC can be measured using the backscatter of ADCPs. However, automatic discharge monitoring stations and sediment monitoring stations do not always coincide which hinders the application of the new techniques that are not feasible to some stations. This work presents and analyzes H-ADCP-SSC models for 9 discharge monitoring stations in Korean rivers. In application of the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to sediment-related variables (catchment area, particle size distributions of suspended sediment and bed material, water discharge-sediment discharge curves) from 44 sediment monitoring stations, it is revealed that those characteristics can distinguish sediment monitoring stations regionally. Linking the two results, we propose a protocol determining the H-ADCP-SSC model where no H-ADCP-SSC model is available.

유사량 계측 기술의 발달로 초음파 도플러 유속계(ADCP)의 산란도가 부유사 농도와 관계가 있다는 특성을 이용해 부유사의 농도를 짧은 시간 간격으로 계측하여 부유사 관측의 비용과 위험 문제를 극복하고자 하는 노력이 지속되고 있다. 국내에는 자동 유량 관측소에 횡방향 ADCP (H-ADCP)가 설치되어 있어 실시간으로 부유사 농도를 계측하는 기술의 적용이 가능하지만 자동 유량 관측소와 부유사 관측소의 위치가 항상 일치하지는 않아 모든 관측소에서의 모형 개발은 불가한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해 H-ADCP가 설치된 유사량 관측소 9개소에 대해 부유사 농도를 계측하는 H-ADCP-SSC 관계식을 개발하고 그 결과의 적용성에 대해 고찰하였다. 그리고 부유사 관측소별로 나타나는 특징에 대해 알아보기 위해 한국 하천의 부유사 관측소 44개소의 유역면적, 부유사와 하상토의 입도분포, 유량-유사량 관계식 등의 유사특성 자료를 이용해 비지도 기계학습 기법인 가우시안 혼합 모형(GMM)으로 군집분석을 수행하였다. 군집화 결과, 유사량 관측소를 공간적으로 구분해낼 수 있었으며, 특히 하천의 본류와 지류의 유사 특징을 구분해낼 수 있었다. 결과적으로, H-ADCP-SSC 관계식과 부유사 관측소의 군집분석 결과를 종합해 H-ADCP-SSC 관계식이 개발되지 않은 자동 유량 관측소에서 관계식을 적용하는 부유사 농도를 실시간으로 계측할 수 있도록 하는 프로토콜을 제안하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 환경부의 재원으로 한국환경산업기술원의 수요대응형 물공급서비스 연구사업의 지원을 받아 수행되었으며 이에 감사드립니다(2020002650001).

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