Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

A Study on Competency Modeling of Micro Entrepreneurs Recovering From Failure

재도전 소상공인의 역량모델링에 관한 연구

  • Received : 2022.11.10
  • Accepted : 2022.12.26
  • Published : 2022.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop the competencies to help micro entrepreneurs who have experienced failure to successfully re-challenge. To this end, relevant literature published from 1977 to 2022 was analyzed, behavioral event interviews (BEI) were conducted with 7 successful micro entrepreneurs, and focus group interviews (FGI) were conducted three times by inviting competency development and HRD experts. Based on these research activities, the draft about competencies for micro entrepreneurs who had have failure was derived. And then inviting 12 experts in related field for Delphi Analysis, the final competency model that helps micro entrepreneurs successfully recover were developed as follows : Competency Groups(small business owners, recovery from failure), 8 detailed competencies(seize business opportunities, business planning, business differentiation, operation management, market exploration, research and development of products and services, positive self-regulation, overcoming and coping with failure experiences), 22 competency factors, and 72 behavioral indicators. This study has an academic significance in that it developed the competencies required for micro entrepreneurs recovering from failure. In addition, the results of this study can be used to develop a competency-based education program for micro entrepreneurs and to select suitable candidates for support programs.

본 연구는 코로나 팬데믹과 같은 외부 환경의 영향뿐만 아니라 경쟁 환경 및 시장변화에 적절하게 대응하지 못하는 등 역량부족의 문제 로 사업 실패률이 높아진 소상공인들의 성공적인 재기를 돕고자 이들에게 요구되는 역량을 모델링하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 1977년 부터 2022년까지 발행된 관련 문헌을 분석하였고 7인의 재도전 소상공인을 대상으로 행동사건인터뷰(BEI)를 진행하였으며, 역량개발 및 HRD 전문가를 섭외하여 세 차례에 걸처 초점집단인터뷰(FGI)를 실시하는 과정을 통해 역량초안을 도출하였다. 이를 바탕으로 12명의 관 련분야(창업, 소상공인, 심리·역량) 전문가를 섭외하여 3회에 걸친 델파이기법(Delphi Analysis)을 통해 재도전 소상공인의 성공적인 재 기에 도움이 되는 역량을 2개의 역량군(소상공인, 실패회복), 8개의 세부역량(사업기회포착, 사업기획, 사업차별화, 운영관리, 판로개척, 제 품과 서비스 연구개발, 긍정적 자기조절, 실패경험 극복 및 대처), 22개의 역량요소, 72개의 지식·기술·태도(KSA)가 표시된 행동지표로 도출하였다. 이와 같이 진행된 본 연구는 국내 최초로 재도전 소상공인에게 요구되는 역량을 구체화했다는데 학술적 의미가 있다. 또한 본 연구 결과는 재도전 소상공인 대상 역량기반 교육프로그램을 개발하거나 지원 프로그램에 적합한 대상자 선별하는 등에서 활용될 수 있으 며 소상공인 스스로 사업 성공을 위해 역량을 진단하며 자기개발을 촉진하는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2022년 정부(중소벤처기업부)의 재원으로 (재)한국청년기업가정신재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임

References

  1. Ahmad, N. H.(2007). A cross cultural study of entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial success in SMEs in Australia and Malaysia. Doctoral dissertation, Adelaide Graduate School of Business.
  2. Ahn, H. J., & Choi, E. S.(2003). Overview of the Concepts and the Approach of Competency Modeling. Journal of Social Science, 42, 43-59. https://doi.org/10.15820/KHJSS.2016.42.1.003
  3. Amit, R., Glosten, L., & Muller, E.(1993). Challenges to theory development in entrepreneurship research. Journal of Management studies, 30(5), 815-834. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1993.tb00327.x
  4. An, S. J., & Chung, J. H.(2021). Effect of Pressure on Business Failure and Social Safety Network on the Food Service Re-Entrepreneurial Intention: Focusing on Shapero's Entrepreneurial Event Model. Korean Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, 30(6), 75-98.
  5. Back, J. H., & Seo, J. H.(2013). A Grounded theory Analysys of the Successful Process: Consumer perspective of Entrepreneurial. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 22(4), 619-635. https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2013.22.4.619
  6. Back, J. H.(2014). The Grounded Theory Analysys Of Coping Process And Failure Of Entrepreneurship Of Re-Entrepreneur. Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Ulsan University.
  7. Bae, T. J., & Choi, Y. H.(2020). Business Failure: Overview and Research Trend. Asia Pacific Journal of Samall Business, 42(3), 43-75.
  8. Bhide, A.(2000). Looking back to the next century. In Closing keynote address. TIE annual conference, May, mimeo.
  9. Boyatzis, R. E.(1982). The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. Cho, Y. R., Park, J. Y., Kim, M. S., & Kim, S. W.(2020). A Study on the influence of Entrepreneur's goal Orientation who Experienced Failure on Re-starting Intention. Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society, 23(6), 1254-1269. https://doi.org/10.35978/jktis.2020.12.23.6.1253
  11. Cho, Y. R., & Park, J. Y.(2021). The Effect of Perceived Loss of Financial.Market.Social Capital Based on Recurrence Intention of Failed Small Business: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Fear of Failure and the Moderating of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Journal of Small Medium Entreprise Studies, 43(4), 59-93.
  12. Choi, J. S., & Hwang, K. J.(2018). Study on the Effects of Prep-Entrepreneurs' Positive psychological capital and Career ambition on Entrepreneurial Intentions. Knowledge Management Review, 19(3), 135-171. https://doi.org/10.15813/KMR.2018.19.3.007
  13. Choi, J. S.(2019). Effect of serial entrepreneurs' coping strategy of defensive pessimism and optimism on their re-entry intention. Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University
  14. Gaglio, C. M.(2004). The role of mental simulations and counterfactual thinking in the opportunity identification process. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(6), 533-552. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00063.x
  15. Gil, W. G., Shim, Y. H., & Kim, S. K(2014). A Study on the Type of the New Business Failure Factors Using Failure Knowledge. In Korea Technology Innovation Society Conferences. 252-260.
  16. Grant, J. S., & Davis, L. L.(1997). Selection and use of content experts for instrument development. Research in nursing & health, 20(3), 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199706)20:3<269::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G
  17. Her, J. K.(2021). A Study on the effect of financial support system and positive psychological capital causing startup failure's re-startup intention mediated by entrepreneurship. Journal of the Korea management engineers society, 26(1), 129-150. https://doi.org/10.35373/KMES.26.1.8
  18. Jang, S. D.(2003). A Comparative Study of Succeeded and Failed Venture Firms. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Venture Studies, 6(2), 101-125.
  19. Jang, S. H., & Bahn, S. S.(2010). The Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Market Orientation on the Economic and Social Performance of a Social Enterprise. Korean Jouranl of Business Administration, 23(6), 3479-3496.
  20. Jeon, J. G.(2021). A Study of the Effect of Failure Tolerance and Positive Psychological Capital on the Quality of Decision-Making through Absorptive Capacity. Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Daejeon University
  21. Jeong, H. S.(2014). A Study of Developing Competency Based Curriculum: Case of Vocational Training Teachers. Master's thesis. Graduate School of Techno-HRD of Korea University of Technology and Education.
  22. Jeong, K. J.(2020). Resilience and social support of retired companies impact on quality of life and willingness to re-start. Master's thesis. Graduate School of Economics and Entrepreneurship of Yonsei University
  23. Jun, J. G., & Seo, Y. W.(2020). A Study on the Effects of the Failure tolerance of Re-founders on Management Performance Through Exploration and Exploitation. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 11(10), 267-277. https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2020.11.10.267
  24. Kang, H. H., Park, W. J., & Bae, B. Y.(2019). Impact of Entrepreneurial Business Start-up Motivation, Entrepreneurial Spirit, and Entrepreneurial Competence Characteristics on Start-up Companies' Sustainability: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of the Start-up Companies' Business Performance. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(3), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.14.3.201906.59
  25. Kim, B. K.(2020). A study on the university"s entrepreneurial re-challenge education method to vitalize student entrepreneurship. Journal of Decision Science, 28(2), 95-107.
  26. Kim, E. S., & Lee, S. S.(2020). A Integrative Literature Review on the Influence Factors of Start-up Competencies: Focused on Individual Competencies of Start-up Founders. Andragogy Today: Interdisciplinary. Journal of Adult & Continuing Education (IJACE), 23(1), 61-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477971417693416
  27. Kim, E. S.(2021). A Study on the Development of Entrepreneur Competency Model and Diagnostic Tools in Korea. Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Dongduk Women's University
  28. Kim, H. C.(2019). Competencies on Business Continuity: Business Preparedness a Moderator. Korean Management Consulting Review, 19(3), 219-228.
  29. Kim, H. H.(2016). Study on the effect of business failure on re-startup intention and business performance. Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Soongsil University
  30. Kim, H. J.(2018). A Study on the Reinventing Education Support Project in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Master's thesis. Graduate School of Pusan National University
  31. Kim, H. K.(2018). A Study on the Effect of Personal Evaluation and Loss Experience about Business Failure on Re-startup Intention. Master's thesis. Graduate School of Global Startup and Venture Business of Kookmin University.
  32. Kim, J. H., Choi, N. H., & Kim, J. C.(2021). The Effect of Small Business Owners' Entrepreneurial Competence on Corporate Performance: Competitor-Oriented Mediating Effect and Social Support Moderating Effect. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity, 16(3), 128-156. https://doi.org/10.24878/TKES.2021.16.3.128
  33. Kim, K. S., Choi, K. D., & Lee, K. Y.(2021). Factors Affecting Fear of Startup Failure: The Case of Re-Startup Trial. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business & Commerce, 13(2), 79-97. https://doi.org/10.35183/ajbc.2021.07.13.2.79
  34. Kim, N. M., Lee, J. S., & Kim, D. S.(2020). The Effects of Entrepreneurs' Failure Experience and Re-education on Subsequent Venture: Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurial Motivation. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 15(2), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.15.2.202004.33
  35. Kim, S. H.(2022). [Issue] Corona 19 small business support 64 trillion won... Management is rather worse. wiki tree, https://www.wikitree.co.kr/articles/795492.
  36. Kim, S. Y., Park, J. E., Seo, H. J., Suh, H. S., Son, H. J., Shin, C. M., Lee, Y. J., Jang, B. H., & Heo, D. S.(2011). NECA's guidance for undertaking systematic reviews and meta-analyses for intervention. National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, 1-287.
  37. Kim, S. K.(2018). Program Development to Cultivate Youth Entrepreneurship and their Business Startups Capacity: Venture Star. Korea Youth Activity Research Association, 4(1), 97-126.
  38. Kim, S. Y.(2019). The Impact of Resilience on Entrepreneurial Intention of Failed Entrepreneur: Focus on the Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Experience, Role Model and Entrepreneurial Education. The Institute of business management, 42(1), 57-82.
  39. Kim, W. J., & Chung, H. Y.(2007). A Study on the Relationship Between Entrepreneur Characteristics and the Performance of Small Firms. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 2(3), 33-60. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.2.3.200709.33
  40. Kwon, K. H., & Choi, J. I.(2015). The Analysis of Failure Causes on Technology Venture: A Start-up case of the Government Research Institute(GRI). Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(4), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.10.4.201508.27
  41. Kyun, G. I.(2010). Development of a case presentation model for supervision of group counseling. Korea Journal of Counseling, 11(1), 153-169. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.11.1.201003.153
  42. Lawshe, C. H.(1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
  43. Lee, J. A., & Ahn, Y. S.(2019). Analyzing Education Needs for the Development of Entrepreneurship of University Student. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(2), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.14.2.201904.73
  44. Lee, J. B.(2008). Development of Korean Skills Standards and Construction of Qualification System(2008): Development of Achievement Standards for Key Competencies by Level. Seoul: KRIVET.
  45. Lee, J. K.(2002). Reflection on a Methodoloy of Developing Competency-Based Curriculum: based on a Case of Curriculum Development for Improving Marketing Competency. Journal of Educational Technology, 18(4), 25-56. https://doi.org/10.17232/KSET.18.4.25
  46. Lee, J. S., & Kim, N. M.(2019). The Effects of Serial Entrepreneurs' Failure Attribution on Subsequent Venture: Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy and Resilience. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(3), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.14.3.201906.13
  47. Lee, J. W., & Lee, S. H.(2004). Failure Factors of High-tech Ventures: an Empirical Study. Korean Journal of Management, 12, 229-274.
  48. Lee, K. H., Yu, K. S., & Lee, H. J.(2017). Cooperative Resurgence: The Effect of Government and Private Institutions Cooperative Program on Small Traders and Enterprisers' Resurgence and Policy Implications for Customer Satisfaction. The Academy of Customer Satisfaction Management, 19(4), 105-125.
  49. Lee, K. S., Park, J. Y., & Sung, C. S.(2021). An Exploratory Study on the Business Failure Recovery Factors of Serial Entrepreneurs: Focusing on Small Business. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 16(6), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.16.6.202112.17
  50. Lee, S. K., Sung, H. Y., Seo, C. H., & Park, Y. J.(2020). A Systematic Review of Studies on Posttraumatic Growth of Mental Health Helping Professionals. Mental Health & Social Work, 48(2), 63-91. https://doi.org/10.24301/MHSW.2020.06.48.2.63
  51. Littell, J. H., Corcoran, J., & Pillai, V.(2008). Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Oxford University Press.
  52. Man, T. W., Lau, T., & Chan, K. F.(2002). The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: A conceptualization with focus on entrepreneurial competencies. Journal of business venturing, 17(2), 123-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00058-6
  53. McClelland, D. C.(1973). Testing for competence rather than for" intelligence. American psychologist, 28(1), 1.
  54. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altmane, D. G.(2010). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis: The PRISMA statement. International Journal of Surgery, 8, 336-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.007
  55. Morris, M. H., Webb, J. W., Fu, J., & Singhal, S.(2013). A competency-based perspective on entrepreneurship education: conceptual and empirical insights. Journal of small business management, 51(3), 352-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12023
  56. Mun, Y. C.(2022). An exploratory study on the effect of small business owners' business failure experiences on their willingness of industy conversion: Focusing on the moderating effect of social support. Master's thesis. Graduate School of Global Startup and Venture Business of Kookmin University
  57. Nes, L. S., & Segerstrom, S. C.(2006). Dispositional optimism and coping: Ameta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(3), 235-251. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_3
  58. Oh, H. S.(2007). Analysis of critiques and critical issues on competency-based human resource development. Korean Business Education Review, 47(1), 191-213.
  59. Park, C.(2021). A study on the effect of entrepreneurship competence on management performance of small businesses: the moderating effect of small business support. Master's thesis. Graduate School of Business Administration of Chung-Ang University
  60. Park, H. S.(2019). A Study on the Effects of Small Businessmen Business Failures on Re-Startup Intention: Focusing on Mediating Effect of Social Support. Master's thesis. Graduate School of Global Startup and Venture Business of Kookmin University
  61. Park, J. K., & Her, C. M.(2018). A study on Government Support Policy for Re-Challenge. In the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity Conferences. 1-19.
  62. Park, S. E.(2016). Impact of Self-Determination of Small Business Entrepreneurs on Re-Start up intention: Focused on Small Business Entrepreneurs in Seoul. Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Seoul Venture University
  63. Park, W. S., & Yoo, K. C.(2001). Paradigm Shift and changing role of HRM in Korea: Analysis of the HRM experts' opinions and its implication. Journal of Organization and Management, 25, 347-369.
  64. Seo, M. G.(2018). An empirical study on the effect of small business start-up owners' characteristics and start-up preparation on start-up success: focused on the mediating effect of business management. Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Seoul Venture University
  65. Shepherd, D. A., & Cardon, M. S.(2009). Negative emotional reactions to project failure and the self-compassion to learn from the experience. Journal of Management Studies. 46(6), 923-949. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00821.x
  66. Shim, H. S., & Jang, H. J.(2015). A Study on the Type of the New Business Failure Factors Using Failure Knowledge. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity, 10(1), 26-44. https://doi.org/10.24878/TKES.2015.10.1.26
  67. Shin, J. K., & Ha, K. S.(2013). Determinants and pattern of entrepreneurial failure. Journal of Digital Convergence, 11(5), 257-265. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDPM.2013.11.5.257
  68. Song, Y. M., & Kim, K. H.(2019). A Study on the Problem Solving of Start-up Companies by Analyzing the Factors of Its Failure. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity, 14(3), 94-120. https://doi.org/10.24878/TKES.2019.14.3.94
  69. Spencer, L. M., & Spencer, S. M.(1993). Competence at work. New York: Wiley.
  70. Stoner, C. R.(1987). Distinctive competence and competitive advantage. Journal of Small Business Management, 25(2), 33.
  71. Sung, K. S., & Choi, Y. A.(2018). The effect of small business owner's professional education on business performance. Journal of Venture Innovation, 1(1), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.22788/1.1.7
  72. Taylor, S. E., & Schneider, S. K.(1989). Coping and the simulation of events. Social Cognition, 7(2), 174-194. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.1989.7.2.174
  73. Ucbasaran, D., Westhead, P., & Wright, M.(2011). Why serial entrepreneurs don't learn from failure. Harvard Business Review. 89(4), 26-26.
  74. Ucbasaran, D., Shepherd, D. A., Lockett, A., & Lyon, S. J.(2013). Life after business failure: The process and consequences of business failure for entrepreneurs. Journal of management, 39(1), 163-202. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312457823
  75. Yamakawa, Y., Peng, M. W., & Deeds, D. L.(2015). Rising from the ashes: Cognitive determinants of venture growth after entrepreneurial failure. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(2), 209-236. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12047
  76. Yoon, H. Y.(2003). A Study on Roles and Applications of FGI(Focus Group Interview) during the Election Campaign. Master's thesis. Graduate School of Advertising and Public Relations of Hongik University
  77. Williams, P. L., & Webb, C.(1994). The Delphi technique: a methodological discussion. Journal of advanced nursing, 19(1), 180-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01066.x