Journal of Veterinary Science

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Distribution and genetic diversity of Feline calicivirus in Moscow metropolitan area

  • Received : 2022.06.30
  • Accepted : 2022.09.19
  • Published : 2022.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is widespread throughout the world. An FCV infection is associated with conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and mouth ulcers that can lead to the animal's death. Because vaccination is not always effective, it is necessary to monitor the infection regularly. Objectives: This study examined the FCV epizootic situation in the Moscow metropolitan area by conducting a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the virus isolates. Methods: Samples from 6213 animals were examined by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. For phylogenetic analysis, 12 nucleotide sequences obtained from animal samples were selected. Sequencing was performed using the Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood method. Results: The FCV genome was detected in 1,596 (25.7%) samples out of 6,213. In 2018, calicivirus was detected in 18.9% of samples, 27.8% in 2019, 21.4% in 2020, and 32.6% in 2021. Phylogenetic analysis of the F ORF2 region and the ORF3 start region led to division into two FCV genogroups. Most of the isolates (8 out of 12) were close to the Chinese strains. On the other hand, there were isolates closely related to European and American strains. The isolates circulating in Moscow were not included in clusters with vaccine strains; their nucleotide similarity varied from 77% to 83%. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence and genetic diversity of the FCV in Moscow. The epizootic situation remains stably tense because 24 viruses were detected in 25% of animals annually.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was carried out in the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV" within the scientific theme (No. FGUG-2022-0010).

References

  1. Greene CE. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Philadelphia: WB Saunders/Elsevier Science; 2006. 
  2. Radford AD, Addie D, Belak S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, et al. Feline calicivirus infection. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2009;11(7):556-564.   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.05.004
  3. Pesavento PA, MacLachlan NJ, Dillard-Telm L, Grant CK, Hurley KF. Pathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings in naturally occurring virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection in cats. Vet Pathol. 2004;41(3):257-263.   https://doi.org/10.1354/vp.41-3-257
  4. Oka T, Takagi H, Saif LJ, Wang Q. Complete genome sequence of the feline calicivirus 2280 strain from the American tissue culture collection. Genome Announc. 2013;1(3):e00349-e13.  
  5. Abd-Eldaim M, Potgieter L, Kennedy M. Genetic analysis of feline caliciviruses associated with a hemorrhagic-like disease. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2005;17(5):420-429.   https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700503
  6. Bordicchia M, Fumian TM, Van Brussel K, Russo AG, Carrai M, Le SJ, et al. Feline calicivirus virulent systemic disease: clinical epidemiology, analysis of viral isolates and in vitro efficacy of novel antivirals in Australian outbreaks. Viruses. 2021;13(10):2040.  
  7. Pereira JJ, Baumworcel N, Fioretti JM, Domingues CF, Moraes LF, Marinho RD, et al. Molecular characterization of feline calicivirus variants from multicat household and public animal shelter in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 2018;49(4):777-784.   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2018.01.003
  8. Henzel A, Sa e Silva M, Luo S, Lovato LT, Weiblen R. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of capsid protein gene in feline calicivirus isolates from Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. Virus Res. 2012;163(2):667-671.   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2011.12.008
  9. Hou J, Sanchez-Vizcaino F, McGahie D, Lesbros C, Almeras T, Howarth D, et al. European molecular epidemiology and strain diversity of feline calicivirus. Vet Rec. 2016;178(5):114-115.   https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.103446
  10. Coyne KP, Christley RM, Pybus OG, Dawson S, Gaskell RM, Radford AD. Large-scale spatial and temporal genetic diversity of feline calicivirus. J Virol. 2012;86(20):11356-11367.   https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00701-12
  11. Afonso MM, Pinchbeck GL, Smith SL, Daly JM, Gaskell RM, Dawson S, et al. A multi-national European cross-sectional study of feline calicivirus epidemiology, diversity and vaccine cross-reactivity. Vaccine. 2017;35(20):2753-2760.   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.030
  12. Battilani M, Vaccari F, Carelle MS, Morandi F, Benazzi C, Kipar A, et al. Virulent feline calicivirus disease in a shelter in Italy: a case description. Res Vet Sci. 2013;95(1):283-290.   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.01.025
  13. Thumfart JO, Meyers G. Feline calicivirus: recovery of wild-type and recombinant viruses after transfection of cRNA or cDNA constructs. J Virol. 2002;76(12):6398-6407.   https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.12.6398-6407.2002
  14. Geissler K, Schneider K, Platzer G, Truyen B, Kaaden OR, Truyen U. Genetic and antigenic heterogeneity among feline calicivirus isolates from distinct disease manifestations. Virus Res. 1997;48(2):193-206.   https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1702(97)01440-8
  15. Kim SJ, Kim C, Chung HC, Park YH, Park KT. Full-length ORF2 sequence-based genetic and phylogenetic characterization of Korean feline caliciviruses. J Vet Sci. 2021;22(3):e32.  
  16. Kim SJ, Park YH, Park KT. Development of a novel reverse transcription PCR and its application to field sample testing for feline calicivirus prevalence in healthy stray cats in Korea. J Vet Sci. 2020;21(5):e71.  
  17. Oshikamo R, Tohya Y, Kawaguchi Y, Tomonaga K, Maeda K, Takeda N, et al. The molecular cloning and sequence of an open reading frame encoding for non-structural proteins of feline calicivirus F4 strain isolated in Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 1994;56(6):1093-1099.   https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.56.1093
  18. Ohe K, Sakai S, Takahasi T, Sunaga F, Murakami M, Kiuchi A, et al. Genogrouping of vaccine breakdown strains (VBS) of feline calicivirus in Japan. Vet Res Commun. 2007;31(4):497-507.   https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-007-3454-1
  19. Sato Y, Ohe K, Murakami M, Fukuyama M, Furuhata K, Kishikawa S, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of field isolates of feline calcivirus (FCV) in Japan by sequencing part of its capsid gene. Vet Res Commun. 2002;26(3):205-219.   https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015253621079
  20. Sun Y, Deng M, Peng Z, Hu R, Chen H, Wu B. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of feline calicivirus isolates in China. Vet J. 2017;220:24-27.   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.12.014
  21. Zhou L, Fu N, Ding L, Li Y, Huang J, Sha X, et al. Molecular characterization and cross-reactivity of feline calicivirus circulating in Southwestern China. Viruses. 2021;13(9):1812.  
  22. Glotova TI, Semenova OV, Nikonova AA, Glotov AG, Vyatkin YV, Bondar AA. Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of feline calicivirus in Siberia. Vopr Virusol. 2018;63(6):268-274.   https://doi.org/10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-6-268-274
  23. Wensman JJ, Samman A, Lindhe A, Thibault JC, Berndtsson LT, Hosie MJ. Ability of vaccine strain induced antibodies to neutralize field isolates of caliciviruses from Swedish cats. Acta Vet Scand. 2015;57(1):86.  
  24. Slobodenyuk AV, Kosova AA, An RN. Epidemiological Analysis. 2015, p 18. 
  25. Konyaev SV. Prevalence of causative agents of respiratory infections in cats and dogs in Russia. Rus Vet J. 2020;1(1):9-13.   https://doi.org/10.32416/2500-4379-2020-2020-1-9-13
  26. Glotova TI, Yadrenkina TG, Glotov AG, Tugunova TB. Spread of calicivirus in cats and its tropism for organs. Rus Vet J MJ. 2013;(4):29-31. 
  27. Seal BS. Analysis of capsid protein gene variation among divergent isolates of feline calicivirus. Virus Res. 1994;33(1):39-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1702(94)90016-7