DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sex-based differences in factors associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adolescents with childhood asthma

  • Kim, Young Hwan (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University) ;
  • Jang, Yoon Young (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University) ;
  • Jeong, Jieun (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University) ;
  • Chung, Hai Lee (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University)
  • Received : 2020.09.16
  • Accepted : 2021.01.07
  • Published : 2021.05.15

Abstract

Background: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), an important physiological feature of asthma, is a prognostic marker of childhood asthma. Purpose: We aimed to investigate the factors associated with BHR in adolescents with childhood asthma. Methods: Two hundred and fifteen adolescents (≥13 years of age; 149 males, 66 females) who were diagnosed with asthma during childhood were enrolled, underwent methacholine challenge tests, and were divided into the BHR group (<25 mg/mL of provocation concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] [PC20], n=113) or non-BHR group (≥25 mg/mL of PC20, n=102). We examined longitudinal changes in BHR and the risk factors for its persistence in the 108 adolescents for whom baseline data, including methacholine PC20 at age 6 years, were available. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with BHR in adolescents. Results: Mold sensitization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.569; P=0.005) and increased blood eosinophil count (aOR, 1.002; P=0.026) were independently associated with BHR in boys but not girls. The odds of BHR decreased by 32% with each 1-year increase in age in boys (aOR, 0.683; P=0.010) but not girls. A reduced FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio (<90%) was independently related with BHR in female patients only (aOR, 7.500; P=0.007). BHR decreased with age throughout childhood. A low methacholine PC20 at age 6 years was independently associated with persistent BHR throughout childhood in male and female patients, whereas early mold sensitization was a risk factor for persistent BHR in male patients only (aOR, 7.718; P=0.028). Conclusion: Our study revealed sex-specific differences in the factors associated with BHR in adolescents with childhood asthma. Our findings suggest the risk factors that might affect asthma transition from childhood to adolescence and adulthood.

Keywords

References

  1. Bateman ED, Hurd SS, Barnes PJ, Bousquet J, Drazen JM, FitzGerald JM, et al. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention: GINA executive summary. Eur Respir J 2008;31:143-78. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00138707
  2. Palmer LJ, Rye PJ, Gibson NA, Burton PR, Landau LI, Lesouef PN. Airway responsiveness in early infancy predicts asthma, lung function, and respiratory symptoms by school age. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:37-42. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.163.1.2005013
  3. Toelle BG, Xuan W, Peat JK, Marks GB. Childhood factors that predict asthma in young adulthood. Eur Respir J 2004;23:66-70. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.03.00046903
  4. Vonk JM, Postma DS, Boezen HM, Grol MH, Schouten JP, Koeter GH, et al. Childhood factors associated with asthma remission after 30 year follow up. Thorax 2004;59:925-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2003.016246
  5. van den Toorn LM, Overbeek SE, de Jongste JC, Leman K, Hoogsteden HC, Prins JB. Airway inflammation is present during clinical remission of atopic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:2107-13. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.164.11.2006165
  6. Fuchs O, Bahmer T, Rabe KF, von Mutius E. Asthma transition from childhood into adulthood. Lancet Respir Med 2017;5:224-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(16)30187-4
  7. Stern DA, Morgan WJ, Halonen M, Wright AL, Martinez FD. Wheezing and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in early childhood as predictors of newly diagnosed asthma in early adulthood: a longitudinal birth-cohort study. Lancet 2008;372:1058-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61447-6
  8. Sears MR, Greene JM, Willan AR, Wiecek EM, Taylor DR, Flannery EM, et al. A longitudinal, population-based, cohort study of childhood asthma followed to adulthood. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1414-22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa022363
  9. Ross KR, Teague WG, Gaston BM. Life cycle of childhood asthma: prenatal, infancy and preschool, childhood, and adolescence. Clin Chest Med 2019;40:125-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2018.10.008
  10. Withers AL, Green R. Transition for adolescents and young adults with asthma. Front Pediatr 2019;7:301. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00301
  11. Crapo RO, Casaburi R, Coates AL, Enright PL, Hankinson JL, Irvin CG, et al. Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing-1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:309-29. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.161.1.ats11-99
  12. Nicolai T, Illi S, Tenborg J, Kiess W, v Mutius E. Puberty and prognosis of asthma and bronchial hyper-reactivity. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2001;12:142-8. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.2001.0007.x
  13. Riiser A, Hovland V, Mowinckel P, Carlsen KH, Carlsen KL. Bronchial hyper-responsiveness decreases through childhood. Respir Med 2012;106:215-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2011.09.013
  14. Lee E, Kim YH, Han S, Yang SI, Jung YH, Seo JH, et al. Different cutoff values of methacholine bronchial provocation test depending on age in children with asthma. World J Pediatr 2017;13:439-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-017-0026-5
  15. Wang AL, Datta S, Weiss ST, Tantisira KG. Remission of persistent childhood asthma: early predictors of adult outcomes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019;143:1752-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.038
  16. Suh DI, Yang HJ, Kim BS, Shin YH, Lee SY, Park G, et al. Asthma severity and the controller prescription in children at 12 tertiary hospitals. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2017;9:52-60. https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2017.9.1.52
  17. Langley SJ, Goldthorpe S, Craven M, Morris J, Woodcock A, Custovic A. Exposure and sensitization to indoor allergens: association with lung function, bronchial reactivity, and exhaled nitric oxide measures in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;112:362-8. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2003.1654
  18. Kerkhof M, Postma DS, Schouten JP, de Monchy JG. Allergic sensitization to indoor and outdoor allergens and relevance to bronchial hyper-responsiveness in younger and older subjects. Allergy 2003;58:1261-7. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1398-9995.2003.00020.x
  19. Craig TJ, King TS, Lemanske RF Jr, Wechsler ME, Icitovic N, Zimmerman RR Jr, et al. Aeroallergen sensitization correlates with PC (20) and exhaled nitric oxide in subjects with mild-to-moderate asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;121:671-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.1153
  20. Jo EJ, Kim MY, Lee SE, Lee SY, Kim MH, Song WJ, et al. Eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness according to aeroallergen sensitization pattern in patients with lower airway symptoms. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2014;6:39-46. https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2014.6.1.39
  21. Byeon JH, Ri S, Amarsaikhan O, Kim E, Ahn SH, Choi IS, et al. Association between Sensitization to mold and impaired pulmonary function in children with asthma. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2017;9:509-16. https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2017.9.6.509
  22. Zeiger RS, Schatz M, Li Q, Chen W, Khatry DB, Gossage D, et al. The association of blood eosinophil counts to future asthma exacerbations in children with persistent asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015;3:283-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2014.10.009
  23. Malinovschi A, Fonseca JA, Jacinto T, Alving K, Janson C. Exhaled nitric oxide levels and blood eosinophil counts independently associate with wheeze and asthma events in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;132:821-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.007
  24. Malinovschi A, Janson C, Borres M, Alving K. Simultaneously increased fraction of exhaled nitric oxide levels and blood eosinophil counts relate to increased asthma morbidity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016;138:1301-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.044
  25. Schwartz N, Grossman A, Levy Y, Schwarz Y. Correlation between eosinophil count and methacholine challenge test in asymptomatic subjects. J Asthma 2012;49:336-41. https://doi.org/10.3109/02770903.2012.672613
  26. Kim YH, Lee E, Cho HJ, Yang SI, Jung YH, Kim HY, et al. Association between menarche and increased bronchial hyper-responsiveness during puberty in female children and adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016;51:1040-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.23433
  27. Tantisira KG, Colvin R, Tonascia J, Strunk RC, Weiss ST, Fuhlbrigge AL, et al. Airway responsiveness in mild to moderate childhood asthma: sex influences on the natural history. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;178:325-31. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200708-1174OC
  28. DeBoer MD, Phillips BR, Mauger DT, Zein J, Erzurum SC, Fitzpatrick AM, et al. Effects of endogenous sex hormones on lung function and symptom control in adolescents with asthma. BMC Pulm Med 2018;18:58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-018-0612-x
  29. Zein JG, Erzurum SC. Asthma is different in women. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015;15:28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-015-0528-y
  30. Farha S, Asosingh K, Laskowski D, Hammel J, Dweik RA, Wiedemann HP, et al. Effects of the menstrual cycle on lung function variables in women with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;180:304-10. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200904-0497OC
  31. Cephus JY, Stier MT, Fuseini H, Yung JA, Toki S, Bloodworth MH, et al. Testosterone Attenuates Group 2 innate lymphoid cell-mediated airway inflammation. Cell Rep 2017;21:2487-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.110
  32. Kouloumenta V, Hatziefthimiou A, Paraskeva E, Gourgoulianis K, Molyvdas PA. Non-genomic effect of testosterone on airway smooth muscle. Br J Pharmacol 2006;149:1083-91. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706936
  33. van den Berge M, Heijink HI, van Oosterhout AJ, Postma DS. The role of female sex hormones in the development and severity of allergic and non-allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2009;39:1477-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03354.x