Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

The Korean Pediatric Society (대한소아청소년과학회)
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Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders: clinical spectrum, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment options

  • Lee, Yun-Jin (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Nam, Sang Ook (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Ko, Ara (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kong, JuHyun (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Byun, Shin Yun (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2019.10.14
  • Accepted : 2020.02.28
  • Published : 2021.03.15
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Abstract

Inflammatory or immune-mediated demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) syndromes include a broad spectrum of clinical phenotype and different overlapping diseases. Antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-Ab) have been found in some cases of these demyelinating diseases, particularly in children. MOG-Ab is associated with a wider clinical phenotype not limited to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, with most patients presenting with optic neuritis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or ADEM-like encephalitis with brain demyelinating lesions, and/or myelitis. Using specific cell-based assays, MOG-Ab is becoming a potential biomarker of inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the CNS. A humoral immune reaction against MOG was recently found in monophasic diseases and recurrent/multiphasic clinical progression, particularly in pediatric patients. This review summarizes the data regarding MOG-Ab as an impending biological marker for discriminating between these diverse demyelinating CNS diseases and discusses recent developments, clinical applications, and findings regarding the immunopathogenesis of MOG-Ab-associated disorders.

Keywords

References

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