Journal of Power Electronics

The Korean Institute of Power Electronics (전력전자학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analytical loss model of series-resonant indirect-matrix-type power electronics transformers using MOSFETs

  • Hu, Yujie (Key Laboratory of Power Electronics and Electric Drive, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Li, Zixin (Key Laboratory of Power Electronics and Electric Drive, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Zhao, Cong (Key Laboratory of Power Electronics and Electric Drive, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Li, Yaohua (Key Laboratory of Power Electronics and Electric Drive, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
  • Received : 2021.03.13
  • Accepted : 2021.08.23
  • Published : 2021.11.20
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A MOSFET-based series-resonant indirect-matrix-type power electronic transformer (PET) consists of line-frequency-switching folding-unfolding bridges and series-resonant dc-dc converters (SRCs), which is an attractive choice to achieve ac-ac conversion due to its high efficiency and high power density. However, the conduction losses, switching losses, and core losses in each of the high-frequency switching cycles Ts are different due to the pulsating dc voltage |ac|, which introduces difficulties in the calculation of losses. In addition, the small dc capacitors also participate in the resonance, and the resonant current shape deviates from a pure sine. Therefore, the conventional loss model is not suitable for PETs. In this paper, the time-domain analysis of SRC resonant current considering the dc capacitor is developed. Then, the analytical expression of the resonant current RMS value in grid cycle Tg is derived, which is more accurate in calculating conduction loss than the conventional model. In addition, it avoids the calculating losses in each Ts. Next, an analytical switching loss model is developed based on the curve fitting of the capacitance-voltage relationship. A simplified analytical core loss model is provided. Each part of the loss of the PET is verified by thermal simulations, and the total losses are verified by efficiency tests on an experiment prototype.

Keywords

References

  1. Feng, J., Chu, W.Q., Zhang, Z., Zhu, Z.Q.: Power electronic transformer-based railway traction systems: challenges and opportunities. IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power. Electron. 5(3), 1237-1253 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2017.2685464
  2. Jonas, E., Huber, et al.: Applicability of solid-state transformers in today's and future distribution grids. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 10(1), 317-326 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2738610
  3. Zhao, C., Dujic, D., Mester, A., Steinke, J.K., Weiss, M., Lewdeni-Schmid, S., Chaudhuri, T., Stefanutti, P.: Power electronic traction transformer-medium voltage prototype. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron 61(7), 3257-3268 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2013.2278960
  4. Doerry, N.H.: Next generation integrated power systems for the future fleet. Proc. IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium, Annapolis, MD, USA (2009)
  5. Sarlioglu, B., Morris, C.T.: More electric aircraft: Review, challenges, and opportunities for commercial transport aircraft. IEEE Trans. Transport. Electrific 1(1), 54-64 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2015.2426499
  6. Raju, R.N., Zhang, R.S., Stevanovic, L.D., Slotnick, J.N., Steigerwald, R.L., Garces, L.J.: AC-AC converter with high frequency link, U.S. Patent 8 644 037 B2, July 15, (2008)
  7. Raju, R., Dame, M., Steigerwald, R.: Solid-state transformers using silicon carbide-based modular building blocks, pp. 1-7. 2017 IEEE 12th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems PEDS, Honolulu, HI (2017)
  8. Yi, Z., Sun, K., Lu, S., Cao, G., Li, Y., Ha, J.-I.: High-precision simulation for structure and efficiency optimization of high-power high-frequency transformer, pp. 3524-3531. 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Detroit, MI, USA (2020)
  9. Hasari, S.A.S., Salemnia, A., Hamzeh, M.: Applicable method for average switching loss calculation in power electronic converters. J. Power Electron. 17(4), 1097-1108 (2017) https://doi.org/10.6113/JPE.2017.17.4.1097
  10. You, K., Rahman, M.F.: Analytical model of conduction and switching losses of matrix-Z-source converter. J. Power Electron. 9(2), 275-287 (2009)
  11. Glitz, E.S., Ordonez, M.: MOSFET power loss estimation in LLC resonant converters: time interval analysis. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 34(12), 11964-11980 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2019.2909903
  12. Ivensky, G., Zeltser, I., Kats, A., Ben-Yaakov, S.: Reducing IGBT losses in ZCS series resonant converters. IEEE Trans. Indus. Electron. 46(1), 67-74 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1109/41.744390
  13. Huber, J.E., Minibock, J., Kolar, J.W.: Generic derivation of dynamic model for half-cycle DCM series resonant converters. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 33(1), 4-7 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2017.2703300
  14. Huber, J.E., Kolar, J.W.: Analysis and design of fixed voltage transfer ratio DC/DC converter cells for phase-modular solid-state transformers, pp. 5021-5029. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Montreal, QC, Canada (2015)
  15. Rothmund, D., Huber, J.E., Kolar J. W: Operating behavior and design of the half-cycle discontinuous-conduction-mode series-resonant-converter with small DC link capacitors, pp. 1-9. IEEE 14th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), Salt Lake City, UT, USA (2013)
  16. Zhu, Q., Wang, L., Zhang, L., Huang, A.Q.: A 10 kV DC transformer (DCX) based on current fed SRC and 15 kV SiC MOSFETs, pp. 149-155. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), San Antonio, TX, USA (2018)
  17. Zhu, Q., Wang, L., Huang, A.Q., Booth, K., Zhang, L.: 7.2-kV single-stage solid-state transformer based on the current-fed series resonant converter and 15-kV SiC mosfets. IEEE Trans. Power Electro. 34(2), 1099-1112 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2829174
  18. Wang, Q. Zhu, W. Yu and A. Q. Huang, A study of dynamic high voltage output charge measurement for 15 kV SiC MOSFET, pp. 1-7. 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2016.7854789
  19. Kasper, M., Burkart, R.M., Deboy, G., Kolar, J.W.: ZVS of power MOSFETs revisited. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 31(12), 8063-8067 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2016.2574998
  20. Villar, I., Viscarret, U., Etxeberria-Otadui, I., Rufer, A.: Global loss evaluation methods for nonsinusoidally fed medium-frequency power transformers. IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron. 56(10), 4132-4140 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2021174
  21. Reinert, J., Brockmeyer, A., De Doncker, R.W.A.A.: Calculation of losses in ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials based on the modified Steinmetz equation. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 37(4), 1055-1061 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1109/28.936396
  22. Li, J., Abdallah, T., Sullivan, C.R.: Improved calculation of core loss with nonsinusoidal waveforms. In: Conference record of the 2001 IEEE industry applications conference, pp. 2203-2210. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248), Chicago, IL, USA (2001)
  23. Muhlethaler, J., Biela, J., Kolar, J.W., Ecklebe, A.: Improved core-loss calculation for magnetic components employed in power electronic systems. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 27(2), 964-973 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2162252
  24. NCD company ferrite core profile web: http://www.ncd.com.cn/companyfile/4/