Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Predicting Suitable Restoration Areas for Warm-Temperate Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests of the Islands of Jeollanamdo

전라남도 섬 지역의 난온대 상록활엽수림 복원을 위한 적합지 예측

  • Sung, Chan Yong (Dept. of Urban Engineering, Hanbat National Univ.) ;
  • Kang, Hyun-Mi (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Mokpo National Univ.) ;
  • Park, Seok-Gon (Division of Forest Resources and Landscape Architecture, Sunchon National Univ.)
  • 성찬용 (한밭대학교 도시공학과) ;
  • 강현미 (국립목포대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 박석곤 (국립순천대학교 산림자원.조경학부)
  • Received : 2021.06.24
  • Accepted : 2021.10.07
  • Published : 2021.10.31
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Abstract

Poor supervision and tourism activities have resulted in forest degradation in islands in Korea. Since the southern coastal region of the Korean peninsula was originally dominated by warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forests, it is desirable to restore forests in this region to their original vegetation. In this study, we identified suitable areas to be restored as evergreen broad-leaved forests by analyzing the environmental factors of existing evergreen broad-leaved forests in the islands of Jeollanam-do. We classified forest lands in the study area into six vegetation types from Sentinel-2 satellite images using a deep learning algorithm and analyzed the tolerance ranges of existing evergreen broad-leaved forests by measuring the locational, topographic, and climatic attributes of the classified vegetation types. Results showed that evergreen broad-leaved forests were distributed more in areas with a high altitudes and steep slope, where human intervention was relatively low. The human intervention has led to a higher distribution of evergreen broad-leaved forests in areas with lower annual average temperature, which was an unexpected but understandable result because an area with higher altitude has a lower temperature. Of the environmental factors, latitude and average temperature in the coldest month (January) were relatively less contaminated by the effects of human intervention, thus enabling the identification of suitable restoration areas of the evergreen broad-leaved forests. The tolerance range analysis of evergreen broad-leaved forests showed that they mainly grew in areas south of the latitude of 34.7° and a monthly average temperature of 1.7℃ or higher in the coldest month. Therefore, we predicted the areas meeting these criteria to be suitable for restoring evergreen broad-leaved forests. The suitable areas cover 614.5 km2, which occupies 59.0% of the total forest lands on the islands of Jeollanamdo, and 73% of actual forests that exclude agricultural and other non-restorable forest lands. The findings of this study can help forest managers prepare a restoration plan and budget for island forests.

국내 섬 지역은 감독 부실과 관광 등으로 인해 산림 훼손이 심각한 상황이다. 한반도 서남해안 지역의 난온대 기후대원식생은 상록활엽수림이라서, 이곳을 원식생으로 복원이 바람직하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전남의 섬 지역 산지를 대상으로, 현존 상록활엽수림의 환경 요인을 분석하여 상록활엽수림 북원 적합지를 도출하였다. 이를 위해 딥러닝(deep learning) 알고리즘을 이용하여 Sentinel-2 위성영상에서 연구 대상지의 식생 유형을 6가지로 분류하였고, 분류된 식생유형의 위치 및 지형, 기후 속성을 측정하여 상록활엽수림의 내성 범위(tolerance range)를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 현존 상록활엽수림은 인간의 간섭이 적은, 고도가 높고 경사가 급한 지역에 상대적으로 높은 비율로 분포하였다. 이와 같은 인위적인 간섭으로 현존 상록활엽수림은 타 식생 유형보다 오히려 연평균기온이 낮은 곳에 분포하는 경향을 보였는데, 이는 고도가 높을수록 기온은 낮아지기 때문이다. 여러 환경 요인 중 인간의 간섭에 따른 영향을 배제하고, 상록활엽수림의 복원 적합지를 파악할 수 있는 환경 요인에는 위도와 최한월 평균기온(1월)이 있었다. 상록활엽수림 내성 범위 분석 결과, 위도 34.7° 이남, 최한월평균기온 1.7℃ 이상인 지역에 주로 생육하는 것으로 나타나, 이 조건에 맞는 지역을 상록활엽수림 복원 적합지로 예측하였다. 전남 섬 지역의 산지 중 상록활엽수림 복원 적합지 면적은 614.5km2로 전체 연구 대상지의 59.0%, 연구 대상지 중 농경지 등을 제외한 산림 식생 지역의 73.4%를 차지하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 향후 구체적인 섬 지역 산림복원계획과 예산을 수립해야 할 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 산림청(한국임업진흥원) 산림과학기술 연구개발사업(2020206A00-2022-BA01)의 지원으로 이루어졌음

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